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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many centimeters in a meter? |
100
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How many millimeters in a meter?
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1000
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what year was the international system of units or SI set up? |
1960
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what does SI stand for?
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international system of units
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SI is a coherent system of ___ base units. what is the blank?
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seven
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what are the five units you will use? |
meter, kilogram, second,Kelvin, Mole
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what unit do you use for mass?
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Gram
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Is gram a base SI? What SI unit can a gram be converted into?
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No. A kilogram.
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Measurement of mass is always done how? |
determing by one means or another the force exerted on a sample by gravity. because the force is propotional to the mass the sample.
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what device do you use to measure mass?
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A balance. Balancing it against a standard mass or force.
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what is the base SI used for volume? |
cubic meter (m^3)
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A single cubic meter if water roughly weighs?
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250 gallons
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what units for volume are typically used?
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liter (L) or milliliter (mL)
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what is another name for a mL?
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cubic centimeter cm^3 or the cc
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which is more precise? A beaker, Flask or graduated cylinder? |
A graduated cylinder which can get within 1% of the needed volume while the other two are reliable upto 5%
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comparing pressure with that exerted by the atmosphere does what? and what device does this?
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A manometer does this. it helps study the behavior of gases.
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barometric pressure is often reported in? |
mm Hg,atmospheres
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what is the standard atmospheric pressure?
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760 mm Hg
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In SI pressure is given in? |
Pascals or bars
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to determine the concentration of a species in a solution by measuring the amount of?
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light at a given wavelength or color absorbed by sample
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what does Beers law state?
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the absorbance of light at a given wavelength is proportional to concentration of a sample. A = K x c
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what does pH describe?
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The pH of a solution is used to describe the concentration of H+ iron in that solution
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How does one determine pH?
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To determine pH one can use acid base indicators which change color as the pH changes
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What does decantation do?
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Removes a liquid from a precipitate by pouring it off
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What do you use filtration for?
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To recover the precipitate in pure form
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what is centrifugation used for?
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to aid in in the separation of a precipitate form a test tube
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Is a fundamental property of liquid
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Density
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the properties of matter are determined by the properties of?
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atoms and molecules
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what are submicroscopic particles that consitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter?
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Atoms
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molecules
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free atoms (rare in nature) bind together in specific geometric arrangements.
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what is the definition of a chemistry?
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the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules
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What does the word falsifiable mean? |
it means that it makes predictions that can be confirmed or refuted by further observations. |
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What is a scientific law? |
a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones.
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what does the law of conservation of mass state? |
in a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed. |
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Fill in the blank ____ _______ describes how nature behaves- they are generalizations about what nature does. |
scientific laws more often referred to as a principal rather then a law |
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Fill in the blank. A _______ _______ is model for the way nature is and tries to explain not merely what nature does but why. |
scientific theory |
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give an example of a scientific theory |
the atomic theory |
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who was the atomic theory proposed by? |
John dalton (1766-1844) |
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Define Matter |
anything that occupies space and has mass |
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A specific instance of matter such as air,water, or sand is called what? |
A substance |
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How do you classify matter ? |
According to it's state. (physical form)
and composition ( the basic components that make it up) |
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Matter can exist in three different states name them. |
Solid, liquid and gas |
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Describe the atoms in solid matter. |
Atoms or molecules packed close to each other in fixed locations. They can vibrate but do not move around or past each other.
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Fill in the blank A ____ has a fixed volume and rigid shape |
Solid |
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Give examples of good solids |
aluminum,ice and a diamond |
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Solid matter may be crystalline what does this mean? |
the atoms and molecules are in patterns with long-range repeating order examples include : table salt and diamonds |
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what does it mean when a solid is amorphous? |
it means its atoms or molecules do not have any long-range order examples: glass and plastic |
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describe the atoms in a liquid. |
atoms or molecules pack as closely as they do in solid matter but they are free to move relative to each other giving liquids a fixed volume but not a fixed shape |
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describe the atoms in a gas |
atoms or molecules have a lot of space b/w them are free to move relative to one another making gases compressible. they assume the shape and volume of their container unlike liquids which only change with the shape of their container. |
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In addition to classifying matter according to its state you can classify it according to it's composition. Break down the compositions |
1) Matter (variable composition? ) 2) Pure substance (no) or mixture (yes) 2a) Is the pure substance separable into simpler substances? 2a) element (no)/ compound ( yes) 2b) is the mixture uniform throughout? 2b) heterogeneous (no) / homogeneous (yes) |
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What is a pure substance?
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it's made up of only one component and it's composition is invariant ( it does not vary from one sample to another) The components of a pure substance can be individual atoms or groups of atoms joined together. |
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What is a mixture ? |
is composed of two or more components in proportions that can vary the composition of a substance made up of only one component
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fill in the blank ionic compounds are usually composed of _____ and _____
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metals and nonmetals
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fill in the blank compounds are composrd of atoms held together by -------
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chemical bonds
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what are the two types of chemical bonds?
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ionic and covalent
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Fill in the blank
Covalent bonds occur between two or more ______ |
nonmetals
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what elements exist as diatomic molecules?
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hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
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