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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the 3 subatomic particles.
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Neutron, proton, and electron
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net charge
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the difference in the positive charge due to protons and the negative charge due to electrons in an atom
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What two numbers make the mass number?
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the difference in the positive charge due to protons and the negative charge due to electrons in an atom
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Who is responsible for the plum-pudding model?
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J.J. Thomson
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atom
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smallest identifiable unit of an element
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Who was the first to propose the idea of an element? When?
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Democritus in 400 B.C.
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Who is responsible for the modern atomic theory?
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John Dalton
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Identify the 3 atomic theory postulates.
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1. Each element is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a given element have the same mass and properties that distinguish that from other atoms. 3. Atoms combine in simple, whole number ratios to form compounds. |
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Identify the individual that discovered protons and their location.
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Ernest Rutherford
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Identify the individual that discovered the neutron.
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Chadwicke
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What did J.J. Thomson use to discover the electron?
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Modified Crookes tube with paddlewheel that moved due to electrons
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Identify the mass of an electron.
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9.109 × 10^31
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Identify the mass of an proton.
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1.673 × 10^27
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Identify the mass of an neutron.
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1.675 × 10^27
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atomic mass units (amu)
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based on the exact measure of 1/12 mass of carbon-12 at rest
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Identify the amu in an electron.
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0.0005 amu
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Identify the amu in an proton.
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1.0073 amu
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Identify the amu in an electron.
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1.0087 amu
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What is the function of the neutron?
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Keeps protons apart from each other so that the element does NOT break down
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In a neutral atom, there are the _______ number of electrons and protons. Their charges ________ each other out.
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In a neutral atom, there are the SAME number of electrons and protons. Their charges CANCEL each other out.
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atomic number
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the number of protons in a neutral atom; it is also the same number of electrons
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chemical symbol
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an abbreviation used to identify the name of an element; the first letter is always capitalized and the second is lowercase
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isotope
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elements of the same type having different numbers of neutrons
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Identify the 3 types of hydrogen.
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Protium
Deuterium Tritium |
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What makes up an isotope of protium?
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1 electron
1 proton |
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What makes up an isotope of deuterium?
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1 electron
1 proton 1 neutron |
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What makes up an isotope of tritium?
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1 electron
1 proton 2 neutrons |
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atomic mass
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the average mass of all the isotopes for a given element
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% of abundance
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how often the element shows up in nature
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What are the steps to finding the average atomic mass?
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1. Convert % abundance (given) to decimal form.
2. Multiply by mass (amu) of isotope. Repeat as needed. 3. Add all the isotopes together |
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Which is negative and/or positive?
Cation Anion |
Cation = Positive
Anion = Negative |
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law of constant composition
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all samples of a given molecule have the same proportions of atoms that make up the molecule
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Identify the 3 states of matter.
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Solid
Liquid Gas |
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Identify the 2 types of solids.
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Amorphous
Crystalline |
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Identify the 3 characteristics of crystalline solids.
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Definite shape
Definite volume Incompressive DDI |
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Identify the 3 characteristics of liquids.
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Indefinite shape
Definite volume Incompressive IDI |
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Identify the 3 characteristics of gases.
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Indefinite shape
indefinite volume Compressive IIC |
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Identify the 2 classifications of matter.
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Pure substance
Mixure |
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Identify the 2 types of pure substances.
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Elements
Compounds |
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Identify the 2 types of mixtures.
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Homogeneous
Heterogeneous |
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homogeneous
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the state of having a uniform composition through-out
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heterogeneous
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NOT having the same composition through-out
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