Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
acids
|
produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, turn litmus paper red, sour
naming: hydrogen ion and simple nonmetal = prefix hydro, change ide ending to ic pH<7 [H30+] > 1.0 x 10^-7 polyatomic ate to ic, ito to ous |
|
|
bases
|
ionic compounds that dissociate into cations and hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water, turns litmus blue, bitter, slippery
naming: hydroxide ending pH>7 [H30+] < 1.0 x 10^-7 |
|
|
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Base
|
acid is a proton (H+) donor, base is a proton (H+) acceptor
|
|
|
conjugate acid-base pair
|
molecules or ions related by the loss or gain of one H+
|
|
|
dissociation
|
an acid or base separates into ions in water
|
|
|
Strengthh of acids
|
determined by moles of H3O+ that are produced for each mole of acid that is dissolved
|
|
|
Strength of bases
|
determined by moles of OH- that are produced for each mole of base that is dissolved
|
|
|
strong acids
|
they donot protons so easily that their dissociation in water is virtually complete
|
|
|
weak acids
|
dissociate slightly in water only a small percent of weak acid donot H+ to H20
|
|
|
strong bases
|
dissociate completely in water
|
|
|
weak bases
|
weak electrolytes, poor acceptors of protons and produce very few ions in solution
favors the side that is weak |
|
|
acid dissociation constant (Ka)
|
acid ionization constant
|
|
|
ion-product constant of water (Kw)
|
1.0x10^-14
[H30+]x[OH-] [H30] = Kw/[OH-] |
|
|
pH
|
-log[H30+]
[H30+] = 10^-pH |
|
|
Acids and Metals
|
produce hydrogen gas (H2) and a salt
|
|
|
Acids and Carbonates
|
produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water and ionic compoud (salt)
|
|
|
Acids and Base
|
produce salt and water (neutralization)
|
|
|
Strong Acids
|
HClO4
H2SO4 HI HBr HCl HNO3 |
|
|
pH of a Buffer
|
[H30+] = Ka x acetic acid/acetate buffer (less H)
Ka = [H30+][acetate buffer]/[acetic buffer] |
