Che112 Chemistry And Society -- Exam #2 Flashcards

Front 1

atoms having the same number of protons but differing in the number of neutrons

Back 1

isotopes

Front 2

Why are the atomic mass numbers on the periodic table not whole numbers?

Back 2

because isotopes are counted when finding the atomic mass of the element

Front 3

in the symbol A X
Z

Back 3

a is the mass number, z is the atomic number, and x is the symbol of the element (hydrogen -- 1 is always on the bottom)

Front 4

the Bohr model is based on the _____

Back 4

universe; the nucleus is in the middle like the sun, and around the outside are orbits (representing the planets) where electrons sit at

Front 5

electrons have _____ electrons per shell

Back 5

2n^2

Front 6

electrons prefer to be in the lowest energy level, which is the level closest to the _____ and is known as the _____

Back 6

nucleus; ground state

Front 7

in an _____, an electron goes from the lowest energy level to a higher energy level

Back 7

excited state

Front 8

a flame test is one of the oldest _____ tests in chemistry

Back 8

qualitative

Front 9

a flame test implies what?

Back 9

something about the structure of the atom

Front 10

the idea that there are set steps of energy and those certain steps are characteristic to whatever element it is (and therefore gives us the color in a flame test)

Back 10

quantized

Front 11

when filling electrons, each orbital can contain _____ electrons

Back 11

two

Front 12

_____ determines subshell

Back 12

orbital shape

Front 13

on the periodic table, each column is a _____ or _____

Back 13

group; family

Front 14

elements in each _____ have similar properties, where as elements in _____ have varying properties

Back 14

groups; periods

Front 15

_____ correspond to different subshells; so the leftmost two columns are one, the transition metals are another, etc.

Back 15

blocks

Front 16

_____ are located on the left side of the stair-step

Back 16

metals

Front 17

characteristic luster/shiny

Back 17

metals

Front 18

good conductors of heat and electricity

Back 18

metals

Front 19

solids at room temperature (except mercury)

Back 19

metals

Front 20

dull in appearance

Back 20

nonmetals

Front 21

have properties of both metals and nonmetals

Back 21

metalloids

Front 22

an element touching the line/stair-step

Back 22

metalloids

Front 23

the best conductors are those found where on the periodic table?

Back 23

the furthest left; as you go more right, things gets less and less conductive

Front 24

group 1A is known as

Back 24

alkali metals

Front 25

group 2A is known as

Back 25

alkali earth metals

Front 26

group 7A is known as

Back 26

halogens

Front 27

group 8A is known as

Back 27

noble gases

Front 28

with nuclear chemistry, what controls reactivity?

Back 28

the nucleus

Front 29

_____ contain nuclei that undergo radioactive decay

Back 29

radioisotopes

Front 30

a _____ is an atom that undergoes radioactive decay, and when it undergoes this decay, it produces radiation/energy

Back 30

radioisotope

Front 31

have properties of both metals and nonmetals

Back 31

metalloids

Front 32

an element touching the line/stair-step

Back 32

metalloids

Front 33

the best conductors are those found where on the periodic table?

Back 33

the furthest left; as you go more right, things gets less and less conductive

Front 34

group 1A is known as

Back 34

alkali metals

Front 35

group 2A is known as

Back 35

alkali earth metals

Front 36

group 7A is known as

Back 36

halogens

Front 37

group 8A is known as

Back 37

noble gases

Front 38

with nuclear chemistry, what controls reactivity?

Back 38

the nucleus

Front 39

_____ contain nuclei that undergo radioactive decay

Back 39

radioisotopes

Front 40

a _____ is an atom that undergoes radioactive decay, and when it undergoes this decay, it produces radiation/energy

Back 40

radioisotope

Front 41

a majority of our exposure to radiation comes from _____ sources

Back 41

natural

Front 42

true or false? in a flame test, you typically see several colors at once

Back 42

true

Front 43

flame tests involve _____

Back 43

electrons

Front 44

red fireworks are produced by which metal?

Back 44

strontium

Front 45

orange fireworks are produced by which metal?

Back 45

calcium

Front 46

yellow fireworks are produced by which metal?

Back 46

sodium

Front 47

green fireworks are produced by which metal?

Back 47

barium

Front 48

blue fireworks are produced by which metal?

Back 48

copper

Front 49

probability of finding electron in a given volume

Back 49

Schrödinger’s model

Front 50

in the periodic table, each row is a

Back 50

period

Front 51

the s and p orbitals refer to the _____ elements

Back 51

main group

Front 52

Most of our exposure to radiation from synthetic means comes from where?

Back 52

x-rays

Front 53

knocks electrons out of atoms or groups of atoms

Back 53

ionizing radiation

Front 54

_____ produces charged species that cause damage called _____

Back 54

ionizing radiation; ions

Front 55

involves the release of a high-energy photon

Back 55

gamma radiation

Front 56

gamma radiation involves _____ and _____

Back 56

light; heat

Front 57

a beta particle is a(n) _____

Back 57

electron

Front 58

the more mass a particle has, the _____ penetrating it is

Back 58

less

Front 59

the more speed a particle has, the _____ penetrating it is

Back 59

more

Front 60

to minimize damage from radiation, you should use _____ (you need more for more penetrating forms of radiation)

Back 60

shielding

Front 61

the penetrating power of alpha radiation is

Back 61

very low

Front 62

the penetrating power of beta radiation is

Back 62

moderate

Front 63

the penetrating power of gamma radiation is

Back 63

extremely high

Front 64

a _____ counter measures radiation

Back 64

Geiger

Front 65

true or false? nuclear reactions can be affected by changes in temperature

Back 65

false

Front 66

true or false? nuclear reactions involve enormous changes in energy, whereas chemical reactions involve relatively small changes in energy

Back 66

true

Front 67

in nuclear reactions, huge changes in energy are accompanied by _____

Back 67

measurable changes in mass

Front 68

in nuclear reactions, elements generally _____

Back 68

change from one element to another