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3 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factors 1&2: |
Physical size and geographical location: -These factors are important because each one determines the area over which a country has potential influence. Larger countries usually have greater resources and influence. - For example, Russia is the world's largest country. It covers a vast area from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, spanning parts of Europe and Asia and controlling significant resources as a result. Russia exerts its influence over Norway (a democracy) and China (An authoritarian one party state) in different ways. Economic power and influence: - The world's 10 largest economies such as the USA (22.47%), China (13.4%) and the UK (3.9% ranks 5th) by percentage of Global GDP, influence much of the overall global economy. - Between them, they: Earn 65% of global GDP, control investment, have the world's most powerful currencies. They determine global economic policies by joining political and economic organisations such as the G2O, or trading blocs (the EU). |
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Factors 3&4: |
Demographic Factors: - Population size can be a key to economic success by providing w sufficient labour force to generate economic growth. The UK has used inward migration since the 1990s as a means of increasing economic growth if labour forces face a shortage, while China and India use their large populations as a source of cheap labour in manufacturing. A large population also spurs economic growth because it provides a market e.g., all EU member states have access to a single market of over 500 million people, made up of their combined domestic populations. - Yet a large population is not critical to power. For example, Singapore's population is around half of London's but it has major influence on the Asian economy as it attracts investment worldwide. Political factors: - Most countries decided that influence be achieved by linking up with like minded countries. In 1960, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was set up, with 20 of the world's most developed countries as founding members. It now has 35 members with an aim to promote global development by sharing common issues and policies. - The most influential group was the GB- A group of the OECD- members whose economies were amongst the world's largest. However, as the global shift in economic power has moved to Asia, the GB has become less influential with the G2O taking over, which includes the GB members plus 12 others. It also includes the BRICs and the EU as a single entry. |
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Factors 5,6&7 |
Military Strength: - This is historically important because most countries use military forces to protect themselves against challengers. The US spends $597.5 billion on its military while South Korea spends $33.5 billion as of 2016. - However, military size is often less significant than national defence budgets and technology. - In recent years, China has expanded its military, but its interests mainly lie in the Asia region. - Many countries regard membership of the UN Security as the status in military power. With 5 permanent members (UK, Russia, USA, China and France), its job is mainly a balancing act to approve Military intervention only when justified in particular conflicts. Cultural Influence: - News Corporation is an American media company that began in Australia and has a strong influence on global affairs. Its newspapers carry particular political viewpoints with wide influence. For example, every winning political party in UK General Elections since 1979 has been promoted by The Sun Newspaper. - Increased Globalisation has led to a global culture spread via multimedia. TNCs such as Warner Bros, Disney, News Corporation (all American) and Sony (Japanese). They dominate global culture by deciding which films people can watch, which radio stations they can listen to, and what music is recorded and played. Access to natural resources: - Some resources are essential to economic development such as oil and metals. Iron Ore is the basis of the steel industry, while oil, gas and coal are used in electricity production or industrial processing. However, the possession of natural resources doesn't guarantee development with many countries' natural resources being managed by TNCs, such as Shell and BP in Nigeria. Nonetheless, the possession of resources give some leverage over others. For example, influence of OPEC countries in setting global oil prices. |
