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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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attachment
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primary function is protection and care of the immature infant
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affiliation
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-affection
-draws individuals together even when they are not genetically related -communal relating |
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assertion
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-power
-motivation of conflict and competition |
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what is the system of affiliation and warmth based on?
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positive reward
-closely associated with the system of touch |
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what are considered evaluations of events that affect different kinds of social goals?
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emotions
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emotions are not just states of readiness but are also considered...
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commitments
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what is an "affectional bond" resulting from?
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when 2 people cooperate to accomplish together what they could not do alone
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what creates a template for later intimate relationships?
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the attachment relationship of infancy
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what two behaviors are characteristic of all mammals?
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-retrieving
-sucking |
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how is the retrieving function shown in humans?
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the mother picking up the baby and keeping them safe
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what is the human equivalent of maternal licking in rats?
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cuddling, kissing, stroking and other forms of physical contact
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how did the male provisioning hypothesis begin?
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-started with the joining of the affiliative-warmth system to the reproductive system
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how did the male provisioning hypothesis progress?
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-humans started walking upright so babies couldn't cling like baby apes
-males started to make contributions to specific infants -this eventually resulted in pair bonding |
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what did subjects say only partially overlaps with romantic love?
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with whom you feel sexual desire
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what is the release of oxytocin associated with?
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devotion and monogamy
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what are the "four horsemen of the apocalypse"?
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1. criticism
2. defensiveness 3. stonewalling 4. contempt for the other partner **were able to discern who would stay together with 93% accuracy |
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what is considered the "glue of cooperative social living amongst non-kin"?
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gratitude
-its a moral emotion |
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what does gratitude motivate?
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-serves as a barometer for what friends are generous
-motivates altruistic, affection behavior -reinforces affectionate and cooperative behavior |
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what is the function of dominance hierarchies?
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to govern resources
-hierarchies are negotiated by aggression and reconciliation |
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in what kind of cultures does anger play a predominant role?
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-male-dominated
-aggression-based -emphasizing power and revenge **some individuals emerge as heroes, their exploits making them stand out |
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what is the true role of anger in aggressive societies?
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-ires people to perform deeds of which they would be otherwise incapable of
-creates courage and justifies slaughter |
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what "toxic maneuvers" are especially destructive when displayed by men?
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defensiveness
stonewalling |
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what "toxic maneuver" is especially predictive of marital dissatisfaction and divorce when it is expressed by women?
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contempt
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the emotional preference for "us" verses "them" is considered to be....
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a biologically inherited human universal
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contempt
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rejection of members of out-groups, prejudice
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primary appraisal
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-organizational
-a quick automatic guess about what to do next |
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secondary appraisal
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-informational
-enables us to make mental models of the events and their possible causes and implications |
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emotional congruence
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moods and emotions are associative networks in the mind
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these can be considered to be "short cuts" to making judgements or taking action?
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emotions
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happy and angry moods facilitate use of...
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already existing knowledge structures, such as heuristics and sterotypes
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sad moods facilitate more....
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analytical thought and careful attenuation
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positive moods prompt us to think in more...
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flexible and creative ways
-positive emotions broaden and build our resources |
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what influences what we recall?
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our current emotions and moods
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what is general attribution bias produced by?
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both negative and positive moods
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anger leads people to....
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blame others for various actions
-to be acutely sensitive to unfair actions |
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what does sadness lead people to attribute positive events to...?
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impersonal, situational causes
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systematic persuasion
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carefully attending to the validity of the argument itself
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short-cuts (persuasion)
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superficial, careless, and involves responses to less essential aspects of the communication
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people who are in a good or angry mood tend to follow this route of persuasion
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short-cuts
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people who are sad or neutral tend to follow this route of persuasion?
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systematic
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how can you make messages more effective?
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if they match the emotional state of the listener
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what does emotion regulation start with?
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the modulation of the expression of emotion
-it is initially fostered by the caregiver and then gradually becomes internalized in the child |
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how do individuals differ in how they experience emotion?
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differences in:
-intensity -frequency -duration of emotions |
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what is emotion regulation
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-balance of emotions displayed by the individual
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what processes are involved in modifying emotional reactions?
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the coping processes that lessen or augment the intensity of experience
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what is successful regulation of emotion dependent on?
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shifting attention and reappraisal
-NOT by suppression |
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themes of emotional regulation continue on into...
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adolescence and into later adult life
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what are the three infant attachment styles?
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1. securely attached
2. ambivalently attached 3. avoidently attached |
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securely attache
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distressed when mother leaves and happy when she returns
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ambivalently attached
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wants to be near the mother upon return but will not be comforted
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avoidently attached
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makes no effort to interact with mother
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what attachment style was added by Main & Solomon?
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"disoriented/disorganized style"
-infants respond with disorientation and contradictory behaviors |
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what do emotional styles reflect?
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the child's history of interacting with caregivers
**this indicates attachments for a lifetime |
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in what country were there no avoidant babies recorded?
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Japan
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the attachment system is universal but the style of attachment each individual requires comes from where?
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parenting
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what are the consequences of being avoidently attached?
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more likely to interpret life events in a pessimistic, threatening fashion
-experience increased chances of depression |
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children pay attention to _______ and ignore other modes of expression?
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accepting modes of expression
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in a study that monitored parental responsiveness, what degree of parental interaction worked the best?
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medium level of responsiveness
--high levels of responsiveness led to the children being less competent in their interactions with others |
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metaemotion
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what people think about feelings
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children who are coached in the meanings of sadness and anger showed....
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-less evidence of stress
-less negative emotion in play with their friends -better achievement in school -fewer behavioral problems |
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what makes up the temperament of infants?
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-emotionality (intensity, frequency, and duration)
-activity -sociability (extroversion) -impulsivity (response time) |
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if children are extremely shy from these ages what is it a sign of?
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2-7 years old
-they will most likely be shy for life |
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what is the core of adult personality?
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individual difference in emotion
-affect the individuals ongoing interactions with others |
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shy girls vs shy boys
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-shy girls experience less negative consequences throughout their lifetimes
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what are the big five personality factors?
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1. neuoticism
2. extraversion 3. openness 4. agreeableness 5. conscientiousness |
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what is a powerful influence upon important emotional judgements?
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individual differences in emotionality
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