Chapters 6 And 7

Front 1

associative learing

Back 1

learning that certain events occur together

Front 2

cognitive learning

Back 2

the acquisition of mental information by observing events, watching others or though language

Front 3

classical conditioning

Back 3

we learn to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Front 4

neutral stimulus

Back 4

in c c a stimulus that evokes no response before conditioning

Front 5

unconditioned response

Back 5

in c c an unlearned, naturally occuring response

Front 6

unconditioned stimuli

Back 6

in cc a stimuus that unconditionally triggers a respnse

Front 7

conditioned response

Back 7

a learned response to previously neutral but now conditioned stimuli

Front 8

conditioned stimuli

Back 8

an originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus comes to trigger a conditioned response

Front 9

acquisition

Back 9

in c c the initial stages when we link a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and trigger a conditioned response

Front 10

extinction

Back 10

in c c weakening of a conditioned response when it no longer happens ( in o c weaking of a response when it is no longer reinforced

Front 11

respondent behaviour

Back 11

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Front 12

operant conditioning

Back 12

behavior is strengthened of followed by a reinforcer or weakened followed by punishment

Front 13

operant behavior

Back 13

behavior that operateson the environment producing consequnces

Front 14

law of effect

Back 14

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Front 15

shaping

Back 15

in o c procedure in which reinforcers guide actions closer and closer to a desired behavior

Front 16

positive reinforcememnt

Back 16

increases behavior by presenting a reward

Front 17

negative reinforcement

Back 17

increases behavior by removing a negative stimulus

Front 18

primary reinforcer

Back 18

an event that is innately reinforcing, often satisfying a biological need

Front 19

conditioned reinforcer

Back 19

an event that gains its reinforcing power through its link with a primary reinforcer

Front 20

latent learing

Back 20

learning that is not apparent until there is a reason to demonstrate it

Front 21

intrinsic motivation

Back 21

a desire to perfore a behavior well for its own sake

Front 22

extrinsic motivation

Back 22

a desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or avoid punishment

Front 23

memory

Back 23

the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of info

Front 24

encoding

Back 24

the process of getting info into the memory system

Front 25

storage

Back 25

the process of retaining encoded material

Front 26

retrieval

Back 26

getting memory oout

Front 27

sensory memory

Back 27

very brief memory of sensory info

Front 28

working memory

Back 28

newer term for short term memory desktop rather than a shelf

Front 29

explicit memory

Back 29

memory of facts that a person can retrieve

Front 30

effortful processing

Back 30

encoding that requires attention

Front 31

implicit memory

Back 31

retaining learned skills, or classically conditioned associations without conscious awareness

Front 32

automatic processing

Back 32

un conscious encoding of everyday info such as space time and frequency and of well learned info such as word meaingins

Front 33

spacing effect

Back 33

study over along period of time better than cramming

Front 34

testing effect

Back 34

testing strengthens memry

Front 35

hippocampus

Back 35

neural center located in the limbic system helps produce explicit memories for storage

Front 36

flashbulb memory

Back 36

a clear memory of an emotionally significant event or moment

Front 37

recall

Back 37

memory demonstrated by retrieving info learned earlier fill in the blank

Front 38

recognistion

Back 38

regonizing info learned multiple choice

Front 39

relearning

Back 39

how quickly you learn previously learned things

Front 40

retreival cue

Back 40

any stimulus linked to a specific memory

Front 41

serial postion effect

Back 41

tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Front 42

memory trace

Back 42

lasting physical changes in the brain as memory forms

Front 43

proactive interference

Back 43

the disruptive effect of prior learning on new learinf

Front 44

retroactive interference

Back 44

the disruptive effect of new learning on old learning

Front 45

misinformation effect

Back 45

when a memory has been corrupted by misleading info

Front 46

source amnesia

Back 46

faulty memory for how, where or when info was learned or imagined