Chapters 5-7

Front 1

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 1

Excessive worry about everyday concerns. Insomnia, restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, irritability, etc. Insidious onset in early adulthood, chronic course. Up to 10% prevalence in elderly.

Front 2

Treatment for GAD

Back 2

Benzodiazepines and antidepressants. CBT, acceptance, and meditation.

Front 3

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Back 3

Unexpected attacks with fear of future attacks. Avoidance of situations/events. Acute onset in young adulthood.

Front 4

Treatments for Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Back 4

Medications that target serotonin, noradrenaline, and GABA. Benzodiazepines and SSRIs. Psychological: exposure, reality testing, relaxation, breathing, PCT (panic control treatment).

Front 5

Specific Phobias

Back 5

Extreme irrational fear of specific object or situation. Blood-injection-injury, situational, natural environment, and animal types. Chronic course.

Front 6

Treatment for Specific Phobias

Back 6

CBT, graduated exposure, and relaxation.

Front 7

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Back 7

Unrealistic and persistent worry about separation from certain people.

Front 8

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Back 8

Extreme and irrational fear/shyness in social situations. Impairment, distress, and/or avoidance. Onset around adolescence.

Front 9

Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder

Back 9

Beta blockers, SSRIs, and D-cycloserine. CBT including exposure, rehearsal, and role-playing.

Front 10

Selective Mutism (SM)

Back 10

Rare childhood disorder characterized by lack of speech. Comorbid with SAD. Treatment similar to treatment for SAD (CBT).

Front 11

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Back 11

Exposure to trauma (especially sexual assault, accidents, and combat). Symptoms can include flashbacks, numbing, sleep disturbance, and/or chronic arousal.

Front 12

Treatments for PTSD

Back 12

CBT including gradual or massed (imaginal) exposure therapy, coping skills, and social support. SSRIs.

Front 13

Adjustment Disorders

Back 13

Anxious or depressive reactions to life stress that are generally milder than one would see in acute stress disorder or PTSD but are nevertheless impairing in terms of interfering with work or school performance, interpersonal relationships, or other areas of living.

Front 14

Attachment Disorders

Back 14

Disturbed and developmentally inappropriate behaviors in children, emerging before five years of age, in which the child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with care-giving adults.

Front 15

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Back 15

The child will very seldom seek out a caregiver for protection, support, and nurturance and will seldom respond to offers from caregivers to provide this kind of care.

Front 16

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Back 16

A pattern of behavior in which the child shows no inhibitions whatsoever to approaching adults.

Front 17

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Back 17

Characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Equally prevalent in males and females. Onset from childhood to 30s (medial 19), chronic course.

Front 18

Obsessions

Back 18

Intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that the person tries to suppress or eliminate. Often include need for symmetry, forbidden thoughts/actions, cleaning/contamination, and hoarding.

Front 19

Compulsions

Back 19

Repetitive behaviors to provide relief from the thoughts. Include checking, ordering, arranging, and washing/cleaning.

Front 20

Treatment for OCD

Back 20

SSRIs. Psychosurgery (cingulotomy) in extreme cases. CBT including exposure and ritual prevention (ERP).

Front 21

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Back 21

A preoccupation with some imagine defect in appearance by someone who actually looks reasonably normal. Often comorbid with OCD. Onset in adolescence - 20s. Lifelong course.

Front 22

Treatments for BDD

Back 22

SSRIs and Exposure and response prevention. Patients also often seek plastic surgery.

Front 23

Hoarding Disorder

Back 23

Twice as prevalent as OCD. Individuals usually begin acquiring hings during their teenage years and often experience great pleasure, even euphoria, from shopping or otherwise collecting various items.

Front 24

Trichotillomania

Back 24

"Hair Pulling Disorder." The urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body.

Front 25

Excoriation

Back 25

"Skin Picking Disorder." Characterized by repetitive and compulsive picking of the skin, leading to tissue damage. Treated with habit reversal training.

Front 26

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Back 26

Physical symptoms (illness, weakness, pain) without identifiable medical condition. Excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns.

Front 27

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Back 27

Formerly known as hypochondriasis. Less concerned with any specific physical symptom and more worried about the idea of developing an illness. Reassurance from doctors doesn't help. Onset at any age, chronic course.

Front 28

Treatments for Illness Anxiety Disorder

Back 28

Psychodynamic, educational/supportive, and cognitive behavioral therapies. CBT focuses on correcting misinterpretations, "symptom creation," and stress reduction.

Front 29

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)

Back 29

Generally have to do with physical malfunctioning, such as paralysis, blindness, or difficultly speaking, without any physical or organic pathology. Rare. Popularized by Freud and Anna O. A person could be faking...

Front 30

Factitious Disorders

Back 30

Munchausen's: intentionally produced symptoms in oneself.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy: intentionally produced symptoms in another person.

Front 31

Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

Back 31

Severe alterations or detachments with normal perceptual experiences. Feelings unreality and detachment that result in significant impairment. Comorbid with anxiety and mood disorders. Onset around 16, chronic course.

Front 32

Depersonalization

Back 32

Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions.

Front 33

Derealization

Back 33

Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings.

Front 34

Dissociative Amnesia

Back 34

Unable to recall important information, usually of an upsetting nature, about their lives. 4 types: localized (most common), selective, generalized (cannot recall anything including identity), and continuous.

Front 35

Dissociative Fugue

Back 35

Related to flight or travel. Memory loss and assumption of new identity. Rapid onset and rapid (unaided) dissipation.

Front 36

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Back 36

Person adopts from 2-100 "alters" (ave. 15). Hard to fake with today's technology. Onset in childhood, chronic course. Linked to severe childhood abuse/trauma and PTSD. Treatment similar to PTSD.

Front 37

Major Depressive Episode

Back 37

Extreme depression that lasts 2 or more weeks and consists of cognitive symptoms, physical dysfunction, and anhedonia. Lasts for 4-9 months if untreated.

Front 38

Manic Episode

Back 38

Exaggerated elation, joy, and euphoria lasting at least one week and including cognitive symptoms. Increase in goal-directed activity. Decreased need for sleep. Risk-taking behavior. Lasts 3-4 months if untreated.

Front 39

Major Depressive Disorder

Back 39

At least on major depressive episode with no manic or hypomanic episodes. Average is 4-7 episodes per lifetime.

Front 40

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Back 40

Milder depressive symptoms, but lasting for 2 or more years. Chronic and persistent.

Front 41

Double Depression

Back 41

Pattern of major depressive episodes and persistent depressive disorder. Persistent depressive occurs first. Severe with poor outcome.

Front 42

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Back 42

A diagnosis given to women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive symptoms during the week before menstruation.

Front 43

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Back 43

Characterized by a combination of persistent depressive symptoms and recurrent outbursts of severe temper.

Front 44

Bipolar 1 Disorder

Back 44

Alternating major depressive and manic episodes.

Front 45

Bipolar 2 Disorder

Back 45

Alternating major depressive and hypomanic episodes.

Front 46

Cyclothymic Disorder

Back 46

Alternating manic and depressive episodes that are less sever but longer-lasting than bipolar. Mild symptoms for two or more years, interrupted by periods of normal mood.

Front 47

Beck's Depression Cognitive Triad

Back 47

Negative cognitions about the self, the world, and the future.

Front 48

Medications for Mood Disorders

Back 48

Tricyclics (Tofranil, Elavil) block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin but have severe side effects.

SSRIs (fluoxetine/Prozac) block serotonin reuptake. 1st choice, but many side effects.

Lithium used for bipolar.

Front 49

Psychological Treatments for Mood Disorders

Back 49

Cognitive therapy: identify errors in thinking, correct cognitive errors, substitute more adaptive thoughts, and correct negative cognitive schemas.