Chapters 4 & 5

Front 1

4 components of skeletal system

Back 1

bones

cartilage

tendons

ligaments

Front 2

Roles of skeletal system

Back 2

Support

Protection

Blood formation

Mineral storage and balance

Detoxification

Front 3

cartilage

Back 3

Latin: gristle

nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

Front 4

chir/o

Back 4

hand

Front 5

-pract-

Back 5

efficient, practical

Front 6

-or

Back 6

a doer

Front 7

-fication

Back 7

remove

Front 8

de-

Back 8

from, out of

Front 9

-toxi-

Back 9

poison

Front 10

ligament

Back 10

Latin: band, sheet

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures

Front 11

muslce

Back 11

tissue consisting of cells that can contract

Front 12

muscul/o-

Back 12

muscle

Front 13

-skelet-

Back 13

skeleton

Front 14

orth/o-

Back 14

straight

Front 15

-ped-

Back 15

child

Front 16

-path(y)

Back 16

disease

Front 17

oste/o-

Back 17

bone

Front 18

tendon

Back 18

Latin: sinew

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

Front 19

4 categories of bones

Back 19

Long, short, flat, irregular

Front 20

cortex

Back 20

Latin: bank

Outer portion of organ

Front 21

cortic-

Back 21

cortex

Front 22

diaphysis

Back 22

Greek: growing between

the shaft of a long bone

Front 23

epi-

Back 23

upon, above

Front 24

-physis

Back 24

growth

Front 25

-ial

Back 25

pertaining to

Front 26

Haversian canals

Back 26

vascular canals in bones

Front 27

marrow

Back 27

fatty, blood-forming tissues in the cavities of long bones

Front 28

medulla

Back 28

Latin: marrow

central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

Front 29

medulla-

Back 29

medulla

Front 30

peri-

Back 30

around

Front 31

-um

Back 31

structure

Front 32

-plasia

Back 32

formation

Front 33

a-

Back 33

without OR can be a variant of ad- meaning into

Front 34

-chondr/o-

Back 34

cartilage

Front 35

-genesis

Back 35

creation, formation

Front 36

imperfecta

Back 36

latin: unfinished

Front 37

-malacia

Back 37

abnormal softness

Front 38

-myel-

Back 38

bone marrow

Front 39

-penia

Back 39

deficient

Front 40

-sis

Back 40

condition

Front 41

-por/o-

Back 41

opening

Front 42

rickets

Back 42

to twist

disease due to Vitamin D defieciency, producing soft, flexible bones

same as osteomalacia

Front 43

sarc-

Back 43

flesh

Front 44

-oma

Back 44

tumor

Front 45

closed/simple fracture

Back 45

bone is broken but skin is not

Front 46

open/compound fracture

Back 46

fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture

Front 47

Displaced fracture

Back 47

fractured bone parts are out of line

Front 48

complete fracture

Back 48

bone is broken into at least 2 fragments

Front 49

incomplete fracture

Back 49

fracture does not extend completely across bone

can be hairline

Front 50

comminuted fracture

Back 50

bone breaks into several pieces, usually 2 major pieces and several smaller fragments

Front 51

transverse fracture

Back 51

the fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone

Front 52

Impacted fracture

Back 52

fracture consists of one bone fragment driven into another, causing a shortening of a limb

Front 53

spiral fracture

Back 53

the fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone

Front 54

oblique fracture

Back 54

fracture runs diagonally across the long axis of the bone

Front 55

linear fracture

Back 55

fracture runs parallel to the long axis of the bone

Front 56

greenstick fracture

Back 56

partial fracture in which one side breaks and the other bends

Front 57

Pathologic fracture

Back 57

fracture that occurs in an area that is weakened by disease

Front 58

compression fracture

Back 58

fracture occurs in a vertebra from trauma or pathology, leading to the vertebra being crushed

Front 59

stress fracture

Back 59

fatigue fracture caused by repetitive, local stress on a bone, as occurs in running

Front 60

-ment

Back 60

resulting state

Front 61

-lign-

Back 61

line

Front 62

comminut-

Back 62

break into pieces

Front 63

mal-

Back 63

bad, deficient

Front 64

-un-

Back 64

one

Front 65

non-

Back 65

not

Front 66

-ion

Back 66

condition, action

Front 67

-blast

Back 67

immature cell

Front 68

-cyte

Back 68

cell

Front 69

-log-

Back 69

to study

Front 70

-ure

Back 70

result of

Front 71

fract-

Back 71

to break

Front 72

re-

Back 72

backward

Front 73

-duct-

Back 73

lead

Front 74

traction

Back 74

Latin: to pull

Pulling or dragging force

Front 75

3 structures included in axial column

Back 75

vertebral column

skull

rib cage

Front 76

5 regions of vertebral column in order from cephalic to caudal

Back 76

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

sacral

coccyx

Front 77

cervic-

Back 77

neck

Front 78

coccyx

Back 78

small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column

Front 79

kyph-

Back 79

bent, humpback

Front 80

sacr-

Back 80

sacrum

Front 81

scoli-

Back 81

crooked

Front 82

spin-

Back 82

spine

Front 83

whip-

Back 83

to swing

Front 84

-lash

Back 84

end of a whip

Front 85

frontal bone

Back 85

forms forehead, roofs of the eye orbits, and parts of the floor of the cranium

contains pair of right & left sinuses above orbits

Front 86

parietal bones

Back 86

form bulging sides and roof of the cranium

Front 87

occipital bone

Back 87

forms back of part of back and base of the cranium

Front 88

temporal bones

Back 88

form the sides of and part of the base of the cranium

Front 89

ethmoid bone

Back 89

hollow and forms part of the nose, orbits and ethmoid sinuses

Front 90

Maxillary bones

Back 90

form the upper jaw (maxilla), hold upper teeth, and are hollow forming the maxillary sinuses

Front 91

palatine bones

Back 91

located behind the maxilla and cannot be seen from lateral view of skull

Front 92

zygomatic bones

Back 92

prominences of the cheeks below the eyes

Front 93

Lacrimal bones

Back 93

form the medial wall of each orbit

Front 94

Nasal bones

Back 94

form sides and bridge of nose

Front 95

mandible

Back 95

lower jawbone, holds lower teeth

Front 96

TMJ

Back 96

temporalmadibular joint; where mandible fits into rest of skull

Front 97

crani-

Back 97

skull

Front 98

-oid

Back 98

resembling

Front 99

ethm-

Back 99

sieve (like a thin wired strainer)

Front 100

lacrim-

Back 100

tears (crying)

Front 101

occipit-

Back 101

back of head

Front 102

-ine

Back 102

pertaining to

Front 103

palat-

Back 103

palate

Front 104

pariet-

Back 104

wall

Front 105

sphen-

Back 105

wedge

Front 106

tempor-

Back 106

time

Front 107

tempor/o-

Back 107

temple

Front 108

zygomat-

Back 108

cheekbone

Front 109

scapulae

Back 109

shoulderbones

Front 110

clavicles

Back 110

collar bones

Front 111

Shoulder separation

Back 111

dislocation of acromioclavicular joint

Front 112

shoulder dislocation

Back 112

occurs when ball of humerus slips out of scapula's socket

Front 113

shoulder subluxation

Back 113

ball of humerus slips partially out of position and then moves back in

Front 114

acromion

Back 114

tip of the shoulder

Front 115

acromi/o-

Back 115

acromion

Front 116

-clavicul-

Back 116

clavicle

Front 117

-ate

Back 117

composed of

Front 118

articul-

Back 118

joint

Front 119

articulation

Back 119

a joint

Front 120

-locat-

Back 120

place

Front 121

pector-

Back 121

chest

Front 122

-luxat-

Back 122

dislocate

Front 123

sub-

Back 123

under, below, slightly

Front 124

olecranon

Back 124

bony prominence that extends from end of ulne

Front 125

-lum

Back 125

small structure

Front 126

capit/u

Back 126

small head

Front 127

pronat-

Back 127

bend down

Front 128

radi-

Back 128

radius (bone on thumb side)

Front 129

supinat-

Back 129

bend backward

Front 130

trochle-

Back 130

pulley

Front 131

uln-

Back 131

ulna (medial and larger bone of the forearm)

Front 132

metacarpals

Back 132

5 bones in palm closest to fingers

Front 133

Osteoarthritis

Back 133

occurs from wear and tear leading to deterioration of joint cartilage

Front 134

arthr-

Back 134

joint

Front 135

carpus

Back 135

wrist

Front 136

carp-

Back 136

wrist bones

Front 137

meta-

Back 137

after, subsequent to

Front 138

Colles fracture

Back 138

Fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

Front 139

eponym

Back 139

procedure or diagnosis getting its name from person who discovered of originated it.

Front 140

Heberden node

Back 140

Bony lump on terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthritis

Front 141

-phalang/e-

Back 141

phalanx, finger or toe

Front 142

phalanx (sing.)/phalanges(pl.)

Back 142

fingers or toes

Front 143

rheumat-

Back 143

a flow

Front 144

acetabulum

Back 144

Latin: vinegar cup

The cup shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint

Front 145

femur

Back 145

Latin: thigh

thigh bone

Front 146

femor-

Back 146

femur

Front 147

ilium

Back 147

Latin: groin

Large wing shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis

Front 148

ischium

Back 148

Greek: hip

Lower and posterior of the hip bone

Front 149

ischi-

Back 149

ischium, hip bone

Front 150

pelvis

Back 150

Latin: basin

basin-shaped ring of bones, ligaments, and muscles at the base of the spine

Front 151

pelv-

Back 151

pelvis

Front 152

pub-

Back 152

pubis

Front 153

-ili-

Back 153

ilium

Front 154

symphysis

Back 154

Greek: grow together

Two bones joined by fibrocartilage; in this case, the two pubic bones

Front 155

-desis

Back 155

to fuse together

Front 156

Sarcoiliac joint strain

Back 156

common cause of the lower back pain

Front 157

Diastasis symphysis pubis

Back 157

can occur during pregnancy caused by excessive stretching of pelvic ligaments, which widens joints between 2 pubic bones

Front 158

arthr/o

Back 158

joint

Front 159

brace

Back 159

Old English: to fasten

Appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position

Front 160

diastasis

Back 160

Greek: separation

Separation of normally joined parts

Front 161

radi/o-

Back 161

radiation, X-rays

Front 162

-plasty

Back 162

reshaping by surgery

Front 163

-vascul-

Back 163

blood vessel

Front 164

labrum

Back 164

Latin: lip-shaped

Cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint

Front 165

necr/o

Back 165

death

Front 166

prosthesis

Back 166

Greek: addition

An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body

Front 167

co-

Back 167

together

Front 168

-later-

Back 168

side

Front 169

cruciate

Back 169

Latin: cross

Shaped like a cross, two internal ligaments of the knee joint cross over each other to form an "X"

Front 170

fibul-

Back 170

fibula (smaller of 2 calf bones)

Front 171

meniscus

Back 171

Greek: crescent

Disc of between the bones of a joint, in this case, the knee joint

Front 172

tibi-

Back 172

tibia (larger of the calf bones)

Front 173

-centesis

Back 173

puncture

Front 174

-scopy

Back 174

the process of using an instrument to examine visually

Front 175

burs-

Back 175

bursa

Front 176

-bride-

Back 176

rubble, rubbish

Front 177

hyper-

Back 177

excessive

Front 178

-ectomy

Back 178

surgical excision

Front 179

tendin-

Back 179

tendon

Front 180

rupture

Back 180

Latin: break, fracture

Front 181

bunion

Back 181

French: bump

A swelling at the base of the big toe

Front 182

calcaneus

Back 182

Latin: the heel

Front 183

calcan-

Back 183

calcaneus

Front 184

-tars-

Back 184

ankle

Front 185

-iatry

Back 185

treatment

Front 186

pod-

Back 186

foot

Front 187

Pott fracture

Back 187

Fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often with fracture of the tiblial malleolus

Front 188

talus

Back 188

Latin: heel bone

Front 189

tarsus

Back 189

Latin: ankle

Front 190

tars-

Back 190

ankle

Front 191

-trophy

Back 191

nourishment

Front 192

-tract

Back 192

draw

Front 193

fascia

Back 193

Latin: a band

Sheet of a fibrous connective tissue

Front 194

fiber

Back 194

A strand or filament

Front 195

-disciplin-

Back 195

instruction

Front 196

multi-

Back 196

many

Front 197

tone

Back 197

Greek: tone

Tension present in resting muscles

Front 198

volunt-

Back 198

free will

Front 199

5 skeletal muscle functions

Back 199

Movement

Posture

Body heat

Respiration

Communication

Front 200

striations

Back 200

alternating dark and light bands of protein filaments responsible for muscle contraction

Front 201

sprain

Back 201

stretch or tear of a ligament

treat with RICE

Front 202

Anabolic steroids

Back 202

similar to testosterone but altered to make skeletal muscle hypertrophy

illegally used in sports

Front 203

Myasthenia gravis

Back 203

chronic autoimmune disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness in skeletal muscles

Front 204

dys-

Back 204

bad, difficult

Front 205

-algia

Back 205

pain

Front 206

-glob-

Back 206

globe

Front 207

rhabd/o-

Back 207

rod shaped

Front 208

-lysis

Back 208

destruction

Front 209

thym-

Back 209

thymus

Front 210

ambulat-

Back 210

walking

Front 211

-ory

Back 211

having the function of

Front 212

insert-

Back 212

put together

Front 213

pector-

Back 213

chest

Front 214

rotat-

Back 214

rotate

Front 215

-ceps

Back 215

head

Front 216

brachi/i

Back 216

of the arm

Front 217

-alis

Back 217

pertaining to

Front 218

delt-

Back 218

triangle

Front 219

dorsum

Back 219

Latin: back

back of any part of the body

Front 220

ventr-

Back 220

belly

Front 221

thenar

Back 221

palm

Front 222

latiss-

Back 222

wide

Front 223

-imus

Back 223

most