Chapters 2 -5 Vocab Words - Ob 2012

Front 1

Breast self-examination (BSE)

Back 1

Systematic examination of her breast by the woman.

Front 2

Climacteric

Back 2

The period of a women’s life when she is passing from a reproductive to a non-reproductive state, with regression of ovarian function, the cycle of endocrine, physical, and psychosocial changes that occurs during the termination of the reproductive years; also call climacterium.

Front 3

Cycle of violence

Back 3

Violence against a woman that usually occurs in a pattern consisting of 3 phases; period of increasing tension, the abusive episode, and a period of contrition and kindness.

Front 4

Kegal exercises

Back 4

Pelvic floor muscle exercises to strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
Menarche

Front 5

Menarche

Back 5

Onset, or beginning, of menstrual function.

Front 6

Menopause

Back 6

From the Greek words mensis (month) and pausis (cessation), the actual permanent cessation of menstrual cycles; so diagnosed after 1 year without menses.

Front 7

Menstrual cycle

Back 7

A complex interplay of events that occur simultaneously in the endometrium, the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, and the ovaries that results in ovarian and uterine preparation for pregnancy.

Front 8

Menstruation

Back 8

Periodic vaginal discharge of bloody fluid from the nonpregnant uterus that occurs from the age of puberty to menopause.

Front 9

Ovulation

Back 9

Periodic ripening and discharge of the ovum from the ovary, usually 14 days before the onset of menstrual flow.

Front 10

Papanicolaou (Pap) test (or smear)

Back 10

Microscopic examination using scrapings from the cervix, endocervix, or other mucous membranes that will reveal, with a high degree of accuracy, the presence of premalignant or malignant cells.

Front 11

Perimenopause

Back 11

Period of transition of changing ovarian activity before menopause and through the first few years of amenorrhea.

Front 12

Preconception care

Back 12

Care designed for health maintenance and health promotion for the general and reproductive health of all women of childbearing potential.

Front 13

Prostaglandins (PG’s)

Back 13

Substances present in many body tissues, having roles in many reproductive tract functions and used to induce abortions and for cervical ripening for labor induction.

Front 14

Sexual response cycle

Back 14

Changes of physical changes that occur in responses to sexual stimulation and sexual tension release.

Front 15

Squamocolumnar junction

Back 15

Site in the endocervical canal where columnar epithelium and squamous epithelium meet; also call transformation zone.

Front 16

Amenorrhea

Back 16

Absence of cessation of menstration.

Front 17

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

Back 17

Excessive uterine bleeding with no demonstrable organic cause.

Front 18

Dysmenorrhea

Back 18

Painful menstruation beginning 2 to 6 months after menarche, related to ovulation or to organic disease such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or uterine neoplasm.
Endometriosis

Front 19

Endometriosis

Back 19

Tissue closely resembling endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus.

Front 20

Fibroadenoma

Back 20

Firm, freely moveable, solitary, sold, benign breast tumor.

Front 21

Fibrocystic changes

Back 21

Benign changes in breast tissue

Front 22

Fibrocystic changes

Back 22

Benign changes in breast tissue

Front 23

Leiomyoma

Back 23

Benign smooth-muscle tumor.

Front 24

Lumpectomy

Back 24

Removal of a wide margin of normal breast tissue surrounding a breast cancer.

Front 25

Menorrhagia

Back 25

Abnormally profuse or excessive menstrual flow.

Front 26

Metrorrhagia

Back 26

Abnormal bleeding from the uterus, particularly when it occurs at any time other than the menstrual period.

Front 27

Modified radical mastectomy

Back 27

Surgery that includes the removal of the breast and fascia over the pectoralis major muscle.

Front 28

Oligomenorrhea

Back 28

Abnormally light or infrequent menstruation

Front 29

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 29

Infection of internal reproductive structures and adjacent tissues usually secondary to sexually transmitted infections.

Front 30

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Back 30

Syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, HA, mastalgia, dysphoria, and lack of coordination occurring during the last few days of the menstrual cycle preceding the onset of menstruation.

Front 31

Radical mastectomy

Back 31

Surgery that includes the total removal of the breast, as well as the underlying pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles.

Front 32

Simple mastectomy

Back 32

Surgery that includes the removal of the breast without the underlying muscle or fascial tissue.

Front 33

Assisted Reproduction Therapies (ARTs)

Back 33

Treatment for infertility, including in vitro fertilization procedures, embryo adoption, embryo hosting and therapeutic insemination.

Front 34

Basal body temperature

Back 34

Lowest body temperature of a healthy person taken immediately after awakening & before getting out of bed.

Front 35

Contraception

Back 35

The intentional prevention of pregnancy using a device or practice.

Front 36

Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMS)

Back 36

Methods of family planning that identify the beginning and end of the fertile period of the menstrual cycle.

Front 37

Induced abortion

Back 37

Intentionally produced termination of pregnancy.

Front 38

Infertility

Back 38

Impaired fertility, including prolonged time to conceive and/or the inability to conceive.

Front 39

Natural Family Planning (NFP)

Back 39

Contraceptive methods in which a woman abstains from sexual intercourse during the fertile period of her menstrual cycle; no other form of birth control is used during this period.

Front 40

Semen analysis

Back 40

Examination of semen specimen to determine liquefaction, volume, pH, sperm density & normal morphologic features.

Front 41

Sterilization

Back 41

Surgical contraceptive procedures intended to be permanent contraception.

Front 42

Therapeutic donor insemination

Back 42

Introduction of donor semen by instrument into the vagina or uterus for impregnation.

Front 43

Blastocyst

Back 43

Stage in development of a mammalian embryo, occurring after the morula stage that consists of an outer layer, or trophoblast & a hollow sphere of cells enclosing a cavity.

Front 44

Chorionic villi

Back 44

Tiny vascular protrusions on the chorionic surface that project into the maternal blood sinuses of the uterus & help form the placenta & secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).

Front 45

Chromosomes

Back 45

Elements within the cell nucleus carrying genes & composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) & proteins.

Front 46

Conception

Back 46

Union of the sperm & ovum resulting in fertilization; formation of the one-celled zygote (cell formed by the union of 2 reproductive cells or gametes)

Front 47

Decidua basalis

Back 47

Maternal aspect of the placenta made up of uterine blood vessels, endometrial stroma & glands that shed in lochial discharge after birth.

Front 48

Embryo

Back 48

Conceptus from day 15 of development until approx. the 8th week after conception.

Front 49

Fertilization

Back 49

Union of the ovum & a sperm

Front 50

Fetal membranes

Back 50

Amnion & chorion surrounding the fetus.

Front 51

Fetus

Back 51

Developing human in utero from approx. the 9th week after conception until birth.
Gamete

Front 52

Gamete

Back 52

Mature male or female germ cell; the mature sperm or ovum.

Front 53

Genetics

Back 53

The study of a single gene or gene sequences and their effects on living organisms.
Genome

Front 54

Genome

Back 54

Complete copy of genetic material in an organism.

Front 55

Genomics

Back 55

The study of the entire DNA structure of all of an organisms genes, including functions and the interactions of genes

Front 56

Implantation

Back 56

Embedding of the fertilized ovum in the uterine mucosa; nidation.

Front 57

Karyotype

Back 57

Schematic arrangements of the chromosomes within a cell to demonstrate their numbers & morphologic features.

Front 58

Lanugo

Back 58

Very fine hairs that appear first at 12 weeks and by 20 weeks cover the entire body of the fetus.

Front 59

Meiosis

Back 59

• Process by which germ cells divide & decrease their chromosomal numbers by one half.

Front 60

Mitosis
.

Back 60

Process of somatic cell division in which a single cell divides, but both of the new cells have the same number of chromosomes as the first

Front 61

Monosomy

Back 61

Chromosomal aberration characterized by the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid complement.

Front 62

Morula

Back 62

Development stage of the fertilized ovum characterized by a solid mass of cells resembling a mulberry.

Front 63

Mosaicism

Back 63

Condition in which some somatic cells are normal; whereas others show chromosomal aberrations.

Front 64

Nutrigenetics

Back 64

Study of the effect of nutrients on health through alteration of genome, proteome, and metabolome and noting changes in physiologic features that result.

Front 65

Pharmacogenetics / pharmacogenomics

Back 65

The study of inherited variations in drug metabolism and response.

Front 66

Sex chromosomes

Back 66

Chromosomes assoc. with determination of sex: the X (female), Y (male) chromosomes; the normal female having 2 chromosomes & the normal male having 1-X and 1-Y chromosome.
Female (X) Male
XX XY

Front 67

Teratogens

Back 67

Environmental substances or exposures that result in functional or structural disability.

Front 68

Vernix caseosa

Back 68

White, cheesy material that protects the skin of the fetus.

Front 69

Zygote

Back 69

• Cell formed by the union of 2 reproductive cells or gametes; the fertilized ovum resulting from the union of a perm & an ovum.