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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wegner’s hypothesis.
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Continental drift
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earth’s conentinents once had been joined as single landmass. this started to break apart 200 million years ago
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Pangaea
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device that can detect small changes in magnetic fields
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magnetometer
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study of magnetic record
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Paleomagnetism
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a change in earth’s magnetic field
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Magnetic reversal
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a line on a map that connects points that have the same age.
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Isochron
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new ocean crust is formed at ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches.
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Seafloor spreading
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Earth’s crust and rigid upper mantle are broken into enormous slabs called plates.
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Theory of Plate Tectonics
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Where two tectonic plates are moving apart
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Divergent Boundary
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Continental crust begins to separate, the stretched crust forms a long , narrow depression.
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Rift valley
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Where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other.
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Convergent Boundary
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One of the two plates is descending beneath the other.
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Subduction
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Where two plates slide horizontally past each other.
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Transform Boundary
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Weight of the uplifted ridge is though to push an oceanic plate toward the trench formed at the Subduction zone.
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Ridge push
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Weight of a subducting plate helps pull the trailing lithosphere into the Subduction zone.
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Slab pull
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The internal resistance to flow.
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Viscosity
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Intrusive igneous bodies
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Pluton
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The largest plutons.
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Batholith
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Irregularly shaped plutons that are similar to batholiths.
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Stock
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Mushroom shaped Pluton with a round top and flat bottom.
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Laccolith
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a Pluton formed when magma intrudes parallel to layers of rock.
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Sill
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Pluton that cuts across Preexisting rocks.
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Dike
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Opening of crust where lava erupts from.
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Vent
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Bowl shaped depression in a volcano
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Crater
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Larger depressions of crater.
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Caldera
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Mountain broad gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base.
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Shield volcano
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Forms when material ejected high into the air then falls back to earth and piles up around the vent.
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Cinder-cone volcano
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when layers of volcanic fragments alternate with lava.
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Composite volcanoes
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Rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption.
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Tephra
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Rapidly moving volcanic material
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Phyroclastic flow
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Some volcanic far from plate boundaries these volcanoes form.
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Hot spot
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