Chapters 13

Front 1

surface anatomy

Back 1

branch of gross anatomy that examines shapes and markings on the surface of the body as they relate

Front 2

4 techniques that examine surface anatomy

Back 2

1. visual inspection

2. palpation

3. percussion

4. ausculation

Front 3

head

Back 3

most complex are of the body.

structurally divided into 2 regions:

1. cranium

2. face

Front 4

cranium

Back 4

divided into 3 regions:

1. frontal-forehead

2. temporal-later (skull just superior to ear)

3. occipital-posterior part of the skull

Front 5

face

Back 5

divided into 6 regions:

1. auricular

2. orbital

3. nasal

4. oral

5. buccal

6. mental

Front 6

auricular region of the face

Back 6

composed of the visible structures of the ear and the ear's internal structure

auricle-fleshy part of the external ear

external acoustic meatus- opening within the auricle

mastoid process- posterios and inferior to the auricle

Front 7

auricular region of face

Back 7

~fleshy auricle and external acoustic canal are visible

~rim of auricle is the helix, inferior to it is the earlobe

~the smallest tragus partially protects the acoustic canal

~condyle of mandible can be palpated at the canal opening

Front 8

orbital region of the face

Back 8

eyebrows- protect again sunlight and mechanical damage

eyelids- protect against objects moving close to the eye

superior palpebral fissure- upper eyelid crease

Front 9

oral region of the face

Back 9

buccal region- the cheek

philtrum- the midline vertical depression between the nose and the upper lip

labia (lips)-the fleshy upper and lower lips with vermilion (red area)

oral cavity- the mouth when opened

Front 10

mental region of the face

Back 10

~refers to the chin region

~the chin refers to as the mentum

Front 11

neck region

Back 11

~the neck (cervical region) is probably the most complex area of the body

~it connects the head to the trunk

~the spinal cord, nerves, trachea, esophagus, major blood vessels, many muscles, the larynx and major glands are located in the region

the neck can be divided into 3 regions:

1. anterior

2. posterioe

3. lateral

Front 12

buccal region of the face

Back 12

~refers to the cheek

~within this region is buccinators muscle

~this region ends superolaterally as zygomatic bine and the zygomatic arch

Front 13

anterior region of the neck

Back 13

larynx (voice box)- found in the middle of the neck

thyroid cartilage- commonly referred to as the "Adam's Apple"

Front 14

nasal region

Back 14

bridge- formed by the two nasal bone

dorsum nasi- fleshy part of the nose

apex- tip of the nose

nostrils (external nares)- paired openings into the nose

ala nasi (wing of the nose)- the posterolateral margin of each nostril

Front 15

posterior region of the neck

Back 15

the prominent muscle in this region is sternocleidomastoid

it divides this region into 2 clinically important triangles on each side of the neck

1. anterior triangle

2. posterior triangle

Front 16

anterior triangle

Back 16

lies anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and inferior to the mandible

it is further subdivided into 4 smaller triangles:

1. submental

2. submandibular

3. cartoid

4. muscular

Front 17

submental triangle

Back 17

most superior of all anterior triangles

postlateral to the chin and bounded by the anterior belly of the digastric muscle

contains some cervical lymph nodes which may enlarge and become tender when you have an infection

Front 18

submandibular triangle

Back 18

inferior to the mandible and postlateral to the submental triangle

bounded by the mandible and the bellies of the digastric muscle

contains the submandibular gland which is a bulge inferiot to the mandible

Front 19

carotid triangle

Back 19

bounded by the sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid and posterior digastric muscles

within this triangle one can feel the strong pulsation of the caroid artery

Front 20

muscular triangle

Back 20

most inferior of the four anterior triangles

bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle and superior belly of the omohyoid and midline of the neck

contains the lateral edges of the larynx and thyroid gland

Front 21

posterior triangle

Back 21

located in the lateral region of the neck, posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, superior to the clavicle and anterior to the trapezium

occipital

supraclavicular