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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deviation from average
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observe what behaviors are rare or occur infrequently in a specific society or culture and label those deviations from the norm "abnormal
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deviation from the ideal
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considers behavior abnoraml if it devciates enough from some kind of ideal or culture standard
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Sesnse of personal discomfort
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behavior is considered abnormal if it produces a sense of personal distress, anxiety, or guilt in an individual or if it is harmful to others in some way
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Inability to function effectively
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people who are unable to function effectively and to adapt to the demands of society are considered abnormal
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legal concept
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to the judicial system, the distinction between normal and the abnormal behavior rests on the definition of insanity, which is a legal, but not psychological term
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Abnormal behavior
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behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives
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medical perspective
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the persepective that suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behaviro, the root cause will be founjd in a physical examintation of the individual, which may reveal a hormonal imbalance, a chemical deficiency or a brain injury
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behavior perspective
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the perspective that looks at the behavior itself as the problem
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cognitive perspective
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the perspective that suggests that a person's thought and beliefs are a central component of abnormal behavior
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DSM-IV-TR
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system devised by the American Psychiatric Associtation, used by most professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior. (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Text Revision
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Schizophrenia and Psychotic disorders
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declines in functionning thought and language disturbances, perception disorder, emotional disturbances, and withdrawal from other. Ex. disorganize, paranoid, catatonic, indifferent, residual
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Anxiety Disorder
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the occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning
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Phobias
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intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations
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Panic Disorders
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anxiety disorder that takes the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds to as long as several hours
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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the experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry
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OCD
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a disorder characterized by obsessions or compulsions
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Somatoform Disorder
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psychological difficutlies that take on a physical (somatic) form, but for which there is no medcial case
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hypochondriasis
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a disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health
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conversion disorder
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a major somatoform disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inablity to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inablity to move an arm or leg
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Dissociative Disorders
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psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separtaion of different facets of a person's personality that are normally integrated
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Dissocitative Amnesia
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a disorder in whcih a significant , selective memory loss occurs
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Dissociative Fugue
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a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home an dsometimes assumes a new identity
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mood disorder
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a disturbance is emotional experience that interferes with concentration, decision making and sociablity
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mania
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an extended state of intense, wild elation
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bipolar disorder
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a disorder in which a person alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression
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Personality disorder
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a disorder characterized by a set of inflecible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society
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antisocial personality disorder
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a disorder in which individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others
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borderline personality disorder
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a disorder in which individuals have difficulty developing a secure sense of who they are
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narcissistic personality disorder
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a personality disturbance characterized by an exaggerated sense of self importance
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Attitudes
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evalutations of a particular person, behavior, belief, or concept
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message source
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person who delivers a persuasive message
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characteristics of the message
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two sided message
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characteristcs of the target
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target of the message may determine whether the message will be accepted
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Central route processing
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message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade
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peripheral route processing
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message interpretation characterized by consideration of the source and related general information rather than of the message itself
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cognitive dissonance
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the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts (referred to as congnitions)
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attribution theory
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the theory of personality that seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samles of an individual's behavior that the specific causes of that person's behavior are
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situational causes (of behavior)
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perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors.
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dispositional causes (of behavior)
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perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits of personality factors
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halo effect
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a phenomenon in which an inital understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics
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assumed-similarity bias
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the tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself, even when meeting them for the first time
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self-serving bias
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the tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself
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fundamental attribution error
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a tendency to over attribute others behavior to dispositional causes and the corresponding minimization of the importance of situational causes
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social influence
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the process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others
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asch experiment on conformity
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three lines
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comliance
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behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure
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-foot in the door
-door in the face -thats not all -not so free |
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- ask something big then little - -big amount of money then just a small amount |
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obedience
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a change in behavior in response to the commands of others
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milgrams study of obedience
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shocking people
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stereotype
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a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members
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prejudice
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a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members
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discrimination
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behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group
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factors affecting attraction
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proximity, mere exposure, similarity, and physical attractiveness
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Passionate
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a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another
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companionate
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the strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved
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intimacy
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feelings of closeness and connectedness
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aggression
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the intentional injury of, or harm to, another person
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diffusion of responsiblity
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the tendency for people to feel that responsiblity for acting is shared, or diffused, among those present.
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