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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social facilitation |
refers to the positive or negative effect on performance due to the presence of others |
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evaluation apprehension |
people's concerns about how they might appear to others |
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distraction-conflict theory |
theory based on the idea that being aware of another person's presence creates a conflict between paying attention to the person and paying attention to the task |
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social loafing |
the tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task in which individual contributions cant be monitored |
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Zajonc's theory / model |
the presence of others increases arousal and facilitates dominant response |
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dominant response |
the response he or she is most likely to make |
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groupthink |
scrutiny that should be devoted to issues at hand is subverted by social pressures to reach consensus |
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self-censorship |
withholding information or opinions in a group discussion |
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Janis's group-think hypothesis |
conditions that lead decision making groups to be concerned with seeking consensus, which hinders a full rational analysis |
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risky shift |
tendency for groups to make riskier decisions than individuals would |
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group polarization |
the tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than those mad by individuals |
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power |
ability to control one's actions |
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status |
differences in respect and prominence |
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authority |
power that comes from roles |
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dominance |
behavior with goal of demonstrating power |
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approach/inhibition theory |
high power individuals go after goals, low power people constrain behavior |
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deindividuation |
reduced sense of individual identity when in a large group |
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individuation |
enhanced sense of individual identity |
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self awareness theory |
when people focus their attention on themselves, they become concerned with self evaluation |
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spotlight effect |
people's thought that other people are paying attention to them more than they actually are |
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hostile aggression |
behavior intended harm another (hostility) |
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instrumental aggression |
behavior intended to harm another not influenced by hostility (wealth, political) |
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dehumanization |
nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities forced upon a group |
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catharsis |
release of strong emotion by expressing it directly |
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culture of honor |
culture concerned with reputation, willingness to use violence to change perceptions |
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rape-prone culture |
culture where rape is used in an act of war against women
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inclusive fitness |
fitness is based on reproductive success and passing of genes |
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precarious manhood hypothesis |
idea that when a man's gender identity of strength/toughness is lost can it can trigger agression |
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reactive devaluation |
less value to an offer when the opposing group makes it |
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social reward |
praise, positive attention, gained from helping others |
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perosonal distress |
motive for helping others in distress |
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altruism |
unselfish behavior that benefits others without care for consequences to themself |
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empathic concern |
identifying with someone in need |
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volunteerism |
assistance provided without expecting a reward
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bystander intervention |
assistance given by a witness to someone in need |
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diffusion of responsibility |
a reduction to the sense of urgency to help someone involved in an emergency - you think someone else will help |
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kin selection |
evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of a genetic relative |
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reciprocal altruism |
helping others with the expectation they will return the favor |
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prisoner's dilemma |
situation involving two people who must decide whether to cooperate or defect |
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reputation |
collective beliefs |
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tit for tat strategy |
first move is cooperative, then mimic behavior |
