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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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carrier |
an individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder |
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pedigree |
a diagram that traces the inhiertance of a popular trait through several generations |
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incomplete dominanace |
the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes |
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codominance |
both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition |
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multiple alleles |
forms of inheritance are determined by more than two alleles |
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epistasis |
the interaction of one allele hiding the effects of another allele |
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sex chromosome |
determine an individual's gender |
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autosome |
the 22 pairs of chromosomes, excluding the sex chromosomes |
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sex-linked trait |
traits controlled by genes located on the x-chromosome |
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polygenic trait |
traits such as skin color, height, eye color, and fingerprint pattern |
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karyotype |
the pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph |
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telomere |
a protective cap the chromosome ends in |
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nondisjunction |
cell division where sister chromatids fail to seperate |
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double helix |
twisted ladder shape, formed by two strands of DNA |
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nucleosome |
a phosphate group in DNA that creates a negative charge, which attracts the DNA to the positivley charged histone protiens |
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semiconservative replication |
parental strands of DNA seperate, serve as templates, and produce DNA molecules that have one strand of parental DNA and one strand of new DNA |
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DNA polymerase |
catalyzes the addition of appropriate nucleotides to the new DNA strand |
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okazaki fragment |
synthesized discontinuosly small segmets |
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RNA |
a nucleic acid similar to DNA |
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messenger DNA |
long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complentary to one strand of DNA |
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ribosomal RNA |
type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes to direct the synthesis of a specific person |
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transfer RNA |
smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosome |
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transcription |
the DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus |
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RNA polymerase |
an enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis |
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intron |
intervening segments |
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exon |
the coding sequences that remain in the final mRNA |
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codon |
the three-base code in the DNA or mRNA |
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translation |
process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled |
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gene regulation |
the ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the enviorment |
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operon |
a section of DNA that contain the genes for the proteins needed for a specific metabolic pathway |
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mutation |
a permanent change that occurs in a cell's DNA |
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mutagen |
substances that cause mutations |
