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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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down syndrome
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a condition resulting from an abnormality with the twenty-first pair of chromosomes; the most common abnormality is a triplet rather than a pair (the condition sometimes referred to as trisomy 21); characterized by intellectual disability and such physical signs as slated appearing eyes, hypotonia,a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency toward obesity
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muscular dystrophy
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a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers
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prevalence
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refers to the percentage of a population or number of individuals having a particular exceptionality
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education for all handicapped children act
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also known as public law 94-142 , which became law in 1975 and is now known as the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)
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individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)
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the individuals with disabilities education act as enacted in 1990 and reauthorized in 1997 and 2004; it replaced PL 94-142, enacted in 1975. This federal law requires that to receive funds under the act, every school system in the nation must provide a free, appropriate public education for every child between the ages of 3 and twenty-one, regardless of how or how seriously he or she may be disabled
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americans with disabilities act (ADA)
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civil rights legislation for persons with disabilities ensuring non discrimination in a broad range of activities
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individualized education program (IEP)
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a written document developed by the case conference committee, that describes how a student with access the general education curriculum and the special education and related services needed to participate in the educational environment
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normalization
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a philosophical belief in special education that every individual, even the most disabled, should have an educational and living environment as close to normal as possible.
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deinstitutionalization
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a social movement of the 1960s and 1970s whereby large numbers of persons with intellectual disabilities and/or mental illness were moved from large mental institutions into smaller community homes or into the homes of their families; recognized as a major catalyst for integrating persons with disabilities into society
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self-determination
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the ability to make personal choices, regulate one's own life, and be a self-advocate; a prevailing philosophy in education programming for people with intellectual disabilities; having control over one's life, not having to rely on others for making choices about one's quality of life; develops over one's life span.
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universal design
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the design of new buildings and tools to make them usable by the widest possible population of potential users
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down syndrome
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a condition resulting from an abnormality with the twenty-first pair of chromosomes; the most common abnormality is a triplet rather than a pair (the condition sometimes referred to as trisomy 21); characterized by intellectual disability and such physical signs as slated-appearing eyes, hypotonia, a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency toward obesity
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muscular dystrophy
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a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers
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prevalence
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refers to the percentage of a population or number of individuals having a particular exceptionality
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CEC
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council for exceptional children
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education for all handicapped children act
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also known as public law 94-142, which became law in 1975 and is now known as the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)
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individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)
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the individuals with disabilities education act was enacted in 1990 and reauthorized in 1997 and 2004; it replaced PL 94-142, enacted in 1975. this federal law requires that to receive funds under the act, every school system in the nation must provide a free, appropriate public education for every child between the ages of three and twenty-one, regardless of how or how seriously he or she may be disabled
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americans with disabilities act (ADA)
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civil rights legislation for persons with disabilities ensuring non-discrimination in a broad range of activities
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IEP
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a written document developed by the case conference committee, that describes how a student with access the general education curriculum and the special education and related services needed to participate in the educational environment
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normalization
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a philosophical belief in special education that every individual, even the most disabled, should have an educational and living environment as close to normal as possible.
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deinstitutionalization
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a social movement of the 1960s and 1070s whereby large numbers of persons with intellectual disabilities and/or mental illness were moved from large mental institutions into smaller community homes of into the homes of their families; recognized as a major catalyst for integrating persons with disabilities into society
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self-determination
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the ability to make personal choices, regulate one's own life, and be a self-advocate; a prevailing philosophy in education programming for people with intellectual disabilities; having control over one's life one's life, not having to rely on others for making choices about one's quality of life; develops over one's life span.
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Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
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designing lessons that are appropriate for all learners.
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cochlear implantation
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a surgical procedure that allows people who are deaf to hear some environmental sounds; an external coil fitted on the skin by the ear picks up sound from a microphone worn by the by the person and transmits it to an internal coil implanted in the bone behind the ear, which carries it to an electrode implated in the cochlea of the inner ear.
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full inclusion
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all students with disabilities are placed in their neighborhood schools in general education classrooms for the entire day, general education teachers have the primary responsibilities for students with disabilities.
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continuum of alternative placements (CAP)
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the full range of alternative placements, from those assumed to be least restrictive to those considered most restrictive; the continuum ranges from general education classrooms in neighborhood schools to resource rooms, self-contained classes, special day schools, residential schools, hospital schools, and and home instruction
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differentiated instruction
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instruction varied to meet the needs of all students
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prerefferal teams (PRTs)
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teams composed of a variety of professionals, especially general and special educators, who work with general education classroom teachers to come up with strategies for teaching difficult-to-teach children. Designed to influence general educators to take ownership of difficult-to-teach students and to minimize inappropriate referrals to special education.
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response to intervention (RTI)
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(also called response to treatment approach) A way of determining whether a student has a learning disability; increasingly intensive levels of instructional intervention are delivered, and if the student does not achieve, at some point he or she is determined to have a learning disability or is referred fr special education evaluation
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collaborative consultation
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an approach in which a special educator and a general educator collaborate to identify teaching strategies for a student with disabilities. The relationship between the two professionals is based on the premises of shared responsibility and equal authority.
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cooperative teaching
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an approach in which general educators and special educators teach together in the general classroom; it helps the special educator know the contest of the general education classroom better
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co-teaching
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a special educator working side-by-side with a general educator in a classroom, both teachers providing instruction to the group
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cooperative learning
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a teaching approach in which the teacher places students wth heterogeneous abilities (for example some might have disabilities) together to work on assignments
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peer-mediated instruction
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the deliberate use for a student's classroom peer(s) to assist in teaching an academic or social skill.
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peer tutoring
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a method that can be used to integrate students with disabilities in general education classrooms. based on the notion that students can effectively tutor one another, the role of learner or teacher is assigned to either the student with a disability or the nondisabled student
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classwide peer tutoring (CWPT)
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an instructional procedure in which all students in the class are involved in tutoring and being tutored by classmates on specific skills as directed by their teacher.
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partial participation
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an approach in which students with disabilities, while in the general education classroom, engage in the same acctivities as nondisabled students but on a reduced basis; the teacher adapts the activity to allow each student to participate as much as possible
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modifications
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changes made in instruction or assessment to make it possible for a student with a disability to respond more normally
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accommodations
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changes in the delivery of instruction, type of student performance, or method of assessment which do not significantly change the content or conceptual difficulty of the curriculum
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adaptations
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changes in curricular content or conceptual difficulty or changes in instructional objectives and methods.
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tiered assignments
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assignments varying in difficulty but on a single topic
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progress monitoring
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brief, frequent measures of performance used to determine whether a student is learning as expected; if student isn't learning as expected, the teacher can make changes to the instruction
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developmental delay
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a term often used to encompass a variety of disabilities of infants or young children indicating that they are significantly behind the norm for development in one or more areas such as motor development, cognitive development, or language.
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individualized family service plan (IFSP)
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a plan mandated by PL 99-457 to provide services for young children with disabilities (under three years of age) and their families; drawn up by professionals and parents; similar to an IEP for older children
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supported employment
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a method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into competitive employment; includes use of an employment specialist, or job coach, who helps the person with a disability function on the job
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job coach
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a person who assists adult workers with disabilities (especially those with intellectual disabilities), providing vocational assessment, instruction, overall planning, and interaction assistance with employers, family, and related government and service agents
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zero tolerance
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a school policy, supported by federal and state laws, that having possession of any weapon or drug on school property with automatically result in a given penalty (usually suspension or expulsion) regardless of the nature of the weapon or drug or any extenuating circumstances
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positive behavioral intervention plans
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a plan for changing behavior with an emphasis on positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures
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functional behavior assessment (FBA)
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evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences (what purpose the behavior serves) antecedents (what triggers the behavior) and setting events (contextual factors) that maintain inappropriate behavior
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positive behavioral support (PBS)
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positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures intended to suppport a student's appropriate or desirable behavior
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positive behavior intervention and support (PBIS)
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systematic use of the science of behavior to find ways of supporting desirable behavior rather than punishing the undesirable behavior; positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures are intended to support a students appropriate or desirable behavior.
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interim alternative educational setting (IAES)
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a temporary placement outside general education for students whose behavior is extremely problematic, but in which their education is continued
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