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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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process that allows information to pass between a sender and 1 or more receivers.
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communication
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10/100/1000(1G)
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lan
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made up of a combination of switched & leased, terrestrial & satellite, & private microwave circuits
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wan
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From 256Kbps or 1Mbps.
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wan
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156Kbsp/10 or 100Mb
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man
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tree structure, with a top mode called a root node
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hierarchical networks
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similar to a hierarchical but with interconnections between nodes between major nodes
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mess networks
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multiple nodes are attached and each node receives any
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bus networks
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PSTN
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public switch telephone network
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telephones commonly connected to their serving central office by a pair of copper wires
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local loop
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Wires coming from a house
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drop line
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runs to a pole where it joins other similar wires
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distribution cable
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interconnected set of networks that may simply appear as a single, larger network.
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internet
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networks in an internet, and maintain their own identity
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subnets
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ITU...
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International Telecommunications Union
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Geneva, Switzerland is the most important telecommunications standards setting body in the world.
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ITU
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define the connection of digital equipment, terminals & computers to the PSTN’s analog lines
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v. standards
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define the connection of digital equipment to digital lines
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x. standards
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ISO
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International Standards Organization
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OSI
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Open Systems Interconnection
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user works with computer software. It determines what data are to be sent through the network.
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application
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protocols: FTP, HTTP, Telenet
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application
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the changes of data formats that are required between the user or application program and the network. Keywords: format/syntax
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presentation
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Devices: encryption, compression
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presentation
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Protocols: ASCII, EBCDIC
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presentation
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establishes the communications rules between specific machines or applications. Also paces the rate of transmission. Keywords: communications manager
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session
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Encapsulation unit: SPDU Session Protocol data unit
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session
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Devices: client-server database.
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session
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Protocols: NFS, SQL
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session
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identifies the actual address of the terminal or computer that will receive the message, calculates a check sum for the entire message. Also determines if message is received correctly. Detection and recovery and information flow control. Keywords: end2end .
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transport
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Encapsulation unit: Segment
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transport
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Devices: port numbers & gateways. TCP (transmission control protocol) & UDP.
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transport
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TCP...
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transmission control protocol
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UDP ..
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user datagram protocol
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, routes message all the way through the network, from the transmitter to the receiver. Maintains a routing table. Address & best path, determines routes. Keyword: best path/route.
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network
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Encapsulation unit: Packet
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network
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Devices: router & L3 switch.
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network
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establishes a link between 2 points on a network and ensures that data are successfully transferred between the 2 points. Divides the data into smaller units for transmission. Has means for detecting transmission errors and correcting errors when they occur.
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data link
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Does physical addressing. Error notification.
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data link
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Encapsulation unit: Frame
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data link
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Devices: bridge, switch, and NIC (MAC (media access control) & LLC))
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data link
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specifies the electrical characteristics between the communications line and the terminal or computer system. Specifies how the signals are carried on the wires, what types of connectors are used. Keyword: media.
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physical
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Devices: repeaters, hubs, cable
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physical
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collection of software enabling a protocol to work
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protocol stack
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has destination application address, sequence number, and error detection code.
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transportation header
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has destination computer address and special services.
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Network access header
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process of adding control information from a higher layer
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encapsulation
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limits amount or rate sent by the transmitting end
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flow control
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a temporary connection between sender and receiver
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virtual circuit
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