Chapter1

Front 1

sociology

Back 1

the systematic study of human groups and social life in modern societies.

Front 2

social institutions

Back 2

various organised social arrangements which are found in all societies

Front 3

social structure

Back 3

social institutions and social relationships that form the building blocks of society.

Front 4

customs

Back 4

norms that have existed for a long time.

Front 5

values

Back 5

general beliefs about right or wrong and the important standards that are worth maintaining and achieving in society.

Front 6

norms

Back 6

social rules which defines correct or appropriate behaviour in society or group.

Front 7

roles

Back 7

patterns of behaviour that are expected from people in society.

Front 8

socialisation

Back 8

process of learning the culture of any society.

Front 9

value freedom

Back 9

sociologist's beliefs and prejudices shouldn't be allowed to influence the way the research is carried out or evidence is interpreted.

Front 10

objectivity

Back 10

approaching topics with an open mind,avoiding bias, and being prepared to submit research evidence to scrutiny by other researchers.

Front 11

culture

Back 11

language,beliefs,values,norms, customs,roles , knowledge,skills that make up a way of life in a society.

Front 12

identity

Back 12

how individuals see and define themselves and how others ee and define them.

Front 13

primary socialisation

Back 13

•early years of childhood.

•carried out by family or close community.

•begin to acquire social identity (gender,ethnicity,sexuality)

•the identity formed through out childhood is likely to remain through adulthood and is different to change.

Front 14

secondary socialisation

Back 14

•takes place beyond family and close community.

•carried through agencies of secondary socialisation ( work place, education system,peer group,mass media, religions institutions).

Front 15

peer group

Back 15

people with similar age and status with whom a person often mixes with socially.

Front 16

status

Back 16

refers to individual's or group's social standing or their importance in the eyes of others.

Front 17

consumer goods

Back 17

are products and services that people buy to satisfy their needs and desires(food,clothes,furniture,tvs...) and leisure activities such as paying for ( cinemas , clubs , concerts ).

Front 18

role conflict

Back 18

it's the conflict that arises between tge successful preformances of 2 or more roles at the same time/ it's when a person plays multiple roles at the same time where the roles may come into conflict with one another.(working mother)

Front 19

social control

Back 19

its the social process of persuading individuals to conform to values and norms.(carrot and stick principle)

Front 20

deviance

Back 20

it's the failure to conform to norms and values.

Front 21

sanctions

Back 21

reward or punishment to encourage social conformity.

Front 22

formal social control

Back 22

• carried out by agency set up to ensure people follow particular set of norms especially the LAW.

• criminal justice system ( police, courts,probation services,prison) force people to obey the law through the formal sanctions( arresting ,fining , imprisoning).

Front 23

informal social control

Back 23

• carried out by agencies whose primary purpose is not social control.

• (family) the approval or disapproval of parents encourages children to conform ,sanctions( praise,reward, treats/ threats , teasing ,physical violence).

Front 24

the hidden curriculum

Back 24

the behaviour and attitudes which are taught through the schools organisations and teacher's attitudes which are not part of the formal timetable.

Front 25

stereotypes

Back 25

generalised, oversimplified view of the features of a social group , allowing a few individual differences among them, assuming all members share the same features.