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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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basaltic composition |
rocks that contain substantial dark silicate minerals and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar |
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contact or thermal metamorphism |
rocks intruded by magma where s change is caused by a rise in temperature |
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detrital sedimentary rock |
sediments may originate as solid particles from weathered rocks these particles are called detritus |
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evaporite deposit |
the remaining deposits after water previously there was evaporated |
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extrusive or volcanic rock formation |
igneous rocks that form when molten rock solidifies at the surface |
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felsic |
a term derived from feldspar and silica (quartz) |
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foliation |
planer arrangement of mineral grains or structural features within a rock |
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fossils |
traces or remains of prehistoric life |
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glassy texture |
result of rapid cooling, when unordered atoms are frozen in place before they are able to unite into an orderly crystalline structure |
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granitic composition |
igneous rocks in which light colored silicates and potassium feldspar are the dominate mineral s |
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igneus rocks |
form from molten magma or lava |
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intrusive or plutonic rock formation |
igneous rocks that form at depth |
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lava |
molten rock thats on the surface |
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lithification |
processes by which sediments are transformed into solid sedimentary rocks |
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mafic |
basaltic rocks that contain a high percentage of dark silicate minerals |
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metamorphic rock |
forms from an igneous or sedimentary rock that is exposed to intense pressure or temperature |
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metamorphism |
process that leads to changes in the mineralogy texture and sometimes the chemical composition of rocks |
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pegmatites |
composed of these unusually lare crystals |
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regional metamorphism |
great quantities of rock are subjected to direct pressure and high temperature |
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rock cycle |
allows use to see many of the interactions among the many components and processes of the earth systems |
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sedimentary rock |
form from existing rock pieces or dissolved constituents |
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strata or beds |
layers upon layer of sediment accumulates each record the nature of the environment at the time the sediment was deposited. |
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vein deposit |
some fluid moves along fracture or bedding planes where it cools and precipitates the metallic ions |
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vesicular texture |
vesicles left by gas bubbles that formed as the lava solidified |
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what might you infer about formation history of a rock based upon the relative size of the individual crystals in the rock |
how fast it cooled depending on the size |
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what is the difference between a granitic and basaltic rock |
granitic has light colored silicates basaltic has dark silicates |
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what proccess typically produces vesicles in a rock? |
gas bubbles formed when lava solidifies |
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if an extrusive rock forms by rapid solidification what type of rock texture might you assume it adopts |
fine grained texture |
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what is the principle difference between sandstone and shale |
sandstone is larger grained shale is fine grained |
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what is the principal difference between a breccia and conglomerate rock |
breccia is particles with angular shapes conglomerate is rounded particles |
