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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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synthesis
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combining of small molecules to make larger molecules
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triplet
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sequence of three bases, code for an amino acid
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helicases
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enzymes that split the DNA strand before transcription can begin, usually about 17 bases at a time
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transcription
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the process by which messenger RNA is formed using the code in a DNA molecule by matching the sequence of nucleotides
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RNA polymerase
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enzyme that begins the process of making RNA
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template strand
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the strand that is copied when RNA is made
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coding strand
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the strand that is not copied, because of complementary base pairing the RNA will have the same base sequence as the coding strand
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introns
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non coding sequences
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exons
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base sequences that code for an amino acid
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codon
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each group of 3 bases that codes for an amino acid
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translation
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the production of a protein using the information coded in messenger RNA molecules
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start codon
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AUG (methionine) is the start codon, when the ribosome reaches this codon it begins making proteins
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transfer RNA
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the RNA molecules that bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during production of proteins
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anticodon
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a sequence of 3 bases in a transfer RNA molecule that binds to a complementary sequence of 3 bases, the codon, in a messenger RNA molecule, to specify a particular amino acid during protein synthesis
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gene expression
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the mechanism in which information is transcribed to produce mRNA and then translated into a chain of amino acids to form a protein is called gene expression
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structural gene
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the portion of a DNA molecule that contains the code for manufacture of a protein
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gene regulation
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the means by which cells control their own structure and function, the cell's control over which protein and how much of it is produced.
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promoter gene
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a gene that facilitates transcription from one or more nearby structural genes; part of an operon, control which proteins a cell manufactures
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regulator genes
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control the rate of transcription from the structural gene, determines the amount of a particular protein made at any given time
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