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ANATOMY IS DEFINED AS THE STUDY OF THE

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STRUCTURE OF A LIVING ORGANISM AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF ITS PARTS

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PHYSIOLOGY IS DEFINED AS THE STUDY OF THE

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FUNTION OF A LIVING ORGANISM AND ITS PARTS

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THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY BEGINS AT WHAT LEVEL?

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CHEMICAL

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a HYPOTHESIS THAT HAS GAINED A HIGH LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE IS CALLED A

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THEORY AND LAW

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THE REFERENCE POSITION OF THE BODY WHEN IT IS IN AN ERECT, OR STANDING, POSTURE WITH THE ARMS AT THE SIDES AND PALMS TURNED FORWARD IS CALLED THE

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ANATOMICAL POSITION

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THE TWO MAJOR BODY CAVITIES ARE CALLED THE

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VENTRAL AND DORSAL

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THE SPACE THAT ENCLOSED THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD FORMS ONE CONTINUOUS CAVITY CALLED THE

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DORSAL CAVITY

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THE MIDLINE PLANE THAT DIVIES THE BODY INTO RIGHT AND LEFT HALVES IS THE

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MIDSAGITTAL PLANE

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THE PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO FRONT AND BACK PORTIONS IS THE

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CORONAL OR FRONTAL PLANE

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THE CHEST REGION OF THE BODY IS CALLED THE

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THORAX

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THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY IS SUBDIVIDED INTO THE

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ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC CAVITIES

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REGARDING DIRECTIONAL TERMS, SUPERIOR MEANS

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TOWARD THE HEAD

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THE RELATIVELY CONSTANT STATE MAINTAINED BY THE BODY IS KNOWN AS

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HOMEOSTASIS

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MOST HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL LOOPS IN THE BODY INVOLVE

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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

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INSTEAD OF OPPOSING A CHANGE IN THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, WHICH TYPE OF FEEDBACK LOOP TEMPORARILY AMPLIFIES THE CHANGE THAT IS OCCURRING?

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POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

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SUPPORT, PROTECTION, MINERAL STORAGE, AND HEMOPOIESIS ARE ALL FUNCTIONS OF THE WHAT?

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BONE

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A STRONG FIBROUS MEMBRANE COVERING A LONG BONE EXCEPT AT JOINT SURFACES IS THE

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PERIOSTEUM

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SPONGY BONE IS CHARACTERIZED BY

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OPEN SPACE PARTIALLY FILLED BY AN ASSEMBLAGE OF NEEDLIKE STRUCTURES.

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FLAT, IRREGULAR, SHORT AND LONG ARE WHAT?

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TYPES OF BONE

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THE MAIN SHAFTLIKE PORTION OF A LONG BONE IS THE

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DIAPHYSIS

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AN AGE RELATED SKELETAL DISEASE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY LOSS OF VONE MINERAL DENSITY AND INCREASED BONE FRAGILITY

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OSTEOPOROSIS

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CARTILAGE CELLS ARE CALLED

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CHONDROCYTES

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BONE-FORMING CELLS ARE CALLED

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OSTEOBLASTS

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MOST BONES OF THE BODY ARE FORMED FROM CARTILAGE MODELS IN A PROCESS CALLED

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ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

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THE HUMAN SKELETON SYSTEM CONSISTS OF TWO DIVISIONS. THEY ARE

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AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR

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WHICH OF THESE IS NOT IN THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON? VERTEBRAE, TARSALS, FEMUR OR CLAVICLE

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VERTEBRAE

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WHICH OF THESE IS A FACIAL BONE

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ZYGOMATIC

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WHICH OF THESE IS NOT A BONE IN THE LEG? MANDIBLE, FEMUR, FIBULA & TIBIA

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MANDIBLE

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THESE BONES FORM THE FRAMEWORK OF THE HAND

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METACARPALS

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THIS IS THE LONGEST BONE IN THE BODY

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FEMUR

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SYNARTHROTIC JOINTS ARE

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IMMOVABLE JOINTS

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ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DOES NOT CHARACTERIZE FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS: JOINT CAPSULE, ARTICULAR CARTILAGE, TENDONS & LIGAMENTS

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TENDONS

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THE SHOULDER JOINT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A

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BALL & SOCKET JOINT

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AN EXAMPLE OF A HINGE JOINT IS

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ELBOW JOINT

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THE STRUCTURE OF THE KNEE JOINT PERMITS MOVEMENTS OF

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FLEXION & EXTENSION

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THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE ARE

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SKELETAL, SMOOTH & CARDIAC

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THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT THQAT DOES NOT MOVE WHEN THE MUSCLE CONTRACTS IS THE

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ORIGIN

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EACH SKELETAL MUSCLE IS FILLED WITH TWO KINKS OF MYOFILAMENTS CALLED

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MYOSIN & ACTIN

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THE CONTRACTILE UNIT OF A MUSCLE CELL IS THE

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SARCOMERE

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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCLES?

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POSTURE, HEAT PRODUCTION, AND MOVEMENT

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THE TERM________IS USED TO DESCRIBE A MUSCLE THAT DIRECTLY PERFORMS A PARTICULAR MOVEMENT

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PRIME MOVER

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AN EXPLAINATION OF HOW A SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTS IF THE

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SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OR MODEL

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IF A MUSCLE IS STIUMLATED REPEATEDLY WITHOUT ADEQUATE REST, THE STRENGTH OF THE CONTRACTION DECREASES, RESULTING IN

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FATIGUE

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THE MINIMAL LEVEL OF STIMULATION REQUIRED TO CAUSE A FIBER TO CONTRACT IS CALLED THE

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THRESHOLD STIMULUS

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WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS?

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TWITCH, TETANIC, ISOTONIC ISOMETRIC

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A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH REMAINS THE SAME BUT MUSCLE TENSION INCREASES IS CALLED A

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ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

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EXERCISE MAY CAUSE AN INCREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE CALLED

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HYPERTROPHY

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HYPERTROPHY CAN BE ENHANCED BY

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STRENGTH TRAINING

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THE ORBICUOLARIS ORIS MUSCLE CAN BE FOUND IN THE

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FACE

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THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES CAN BE FOUND IN THE

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TRUNK

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THE MUSCLE THAT FLEXES THE ELBOW IS THE

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BICEPS BRACHII

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BECAUSE THIS MUSCLE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DELIVERING BLOWS DURING FIGHTS, IT IS OFTEN CALLED THE OXER'S MUSCLE

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TRICEPS BRACHII

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THE FOLLOWING ARE HAMSTRING MUSCLES EXCEPT: SEMITENDINOSUS, RECTUS FEMORIS, SEMIMEMBRANOSUS, BICEPS FEMORIS

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RECTUS FEMORIS

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THE MOVEMENT THAT MAKES THE ANGLE BVVETWEEN TWO BONES AT THEIR JOINT SMALLER THAN IT WAS AT THE VEGINNING OF THE MOVEMENT IS CALLED

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FLEXION

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MOVEMENT AROUND A TONGITUDINAL AXIS IS

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ROTATION