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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intelligence |
the ability to learn from experience and use knowledge to adapt to situations This is abstract, it is so hard to measure; you cannot see it feel or it anything |
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Spearman |
There was one factor that encompasses ALL intelligence The "g factor" = general intelligence "the higher g factor you have the smarter you are in all areas" Still very controversial |
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Gardner |
8 types of intelligences Saw there are categories in which people would excel and others that they wouldn’t There is evidence to back up his theory Savant Syndrome: you are amazing at one thing, but you are horrible at literally everything else Extreme memory (extreme chunking) |
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Sternberg |
Thought 8 was too many groups, so he came up with 3 categories: Analytical - problem solving; academic area Creative - innovation, being able to come up with novel ideas and adapt to novel situations Practical - street smarts; talk and manage other people, delegate tasks, etc. |
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Emotional intelligence: |
ability to perceive, understand, and use emotions Someone who is immature does not have a high emotional intelligence, cannot work properly in a social setting |
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Brain Size: |
Brain size does not determine intelligence Einstein's brain was not larger than any other person's brain, except for his parietal lobe was a tiny bit larger Intelligence lies in the density of your grey matter and white matter The smartest people are those that have the most neural connections and a good ability to make new ones; brain plasticity |
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Binet |
- major creator of the IQ test Wanted to see what kids in his classes were struggling, so gave them tests to help them get placed in the right classes so they could get the right teaching IQ tests measure our reasoning skills Bennett was trying to find if your mental age was higher than your actual age Is an adaptive test: measures you on your capability of learning new things |
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Aptitude tests: |
Predictive tests of how capable you are of learning something |
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Achievement tests: |
Stuff you've memorized and learned in school and you are tested on |
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Reliability |
How much the scores will stay the same, the accuracy of it; most of your tests end up in the same area and are answered in the same way |
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Validity |
The people that are taking the test are actually measuring for the things we want to predict If we want to measure for intelligence we need to make sure the test does so Checking for reliability: retesting YOU WANT TESTS TO BE BOTH RELIABLE AND VALID Think of the dart boards that Connor drew out |
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Do we lose intelligence, as we get older? |
We do not, generally |
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Crystallized intelligence |
old people have more of this (the stuff you have consciously learned) This is why old people are better at cross words |
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Fluid intelligence |
abstract thinking, old people get worse at this |
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Gifted Programs: |
These are not good things It discourages people that are not in the programs It sets up a self-fulfilling prophecy on both ends: kids in the gifted end will work harder and do better and get more attention whereas regular kids get less attention and are less inclined to do well |
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Twins |
Identical twins share very similar intelligence, even when reared apart; they may share the intelligence of their adopted parents for a bit but then it tends to go back to your biological parents Fraternal twins: not so much Heritability: the extent to which something is attributed to genes (and not nurture) for a certain trait |
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Heritability of intelligence can be seen as the percentage of variation of intelligence among individuals due to genetic factors |
We can see how much variation in intelligence there is because of genetic factors Intelligence is more determined by genes, but there are tons of cases where this does not happen, it's just more common Child IQ How to determine it? Have the parent take an aptitude test! It is actually fairly predictive |
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Babies |
Stimulation is SO IMPORTANT Stimulate ALL the senses; putting them in an interactive environment stimulates their mind If we didn't have anything, they wouldn't make any neural connections Experiment with the rats that had stimulation and those that didn't |
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Gender |
Guys tend to occupy more of the extremes on the bell curve Guys tend to be better at spatial ability (the mental rotation of objects) and complex reasoning in math Girls tend to be better at the verbal side, detecting emotions, locating objects |
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Bias in Testing |
Whoever makes the test is going to set it their culture Cultural knowledge is huge!!! |
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Stereotype Threat |
Ex) you tell women that girls tend to do worse on a certain test, it actual becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, they DO do worse than they usually would It is the self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotypes "white people typically do better on this" - black kids will suffer worse on their scores more so than usual |
