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15 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Exothermic process Which side is the energy on Product>Reactant? |
process that gives off heat – transfers thermal energy from the system to the surroundings energy + 2HgO ( s ) 2Hg ( l ) + O2 ( g ) |
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Endothermic process Which side is the energy on Product>Reactant? |
process in which heat has to be supplied to the system from the surroundings 2H2 ( g ) + O2 ( g ) ---2H2O ( l ) + energy |
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Thermodynamics
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is the scientific study of the interconversion of heat and other kinds of energy.
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First law of thermodynamics –
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energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed
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Hess's Law:
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When reactants are converted to products, the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps
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SI unit of energy and work
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is the Joule (J). Types of energy include kinetic energy & potential energy. |
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Calorimetry –
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the measurement of heat changes.
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Heat capacity (C) –
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the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of the substance by one degree Celsius. Units J/ °C
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Equation for calculating heat change
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q = C Δ t or q = ms Δ t q = amount of heat absorbed or released C = heat capacity Δt = change in temperature (Δt = tfinal – tinitial) |
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q = C Δ t or q = ms Δ t q = amount of heat absorbed or released (+) q ? (-) q ? |
(+) q the substance is increasing in temperature (endothermic process) (-) q the substance is decreasing in temperature (exothermic process |
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Radiant energy •
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comes from the sun and is earth’s primary energy source
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Thermal energy
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is the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules
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• Chemical energy
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is the energy stored within the bonds of chemical substances
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•• Nuclear energy
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is the energy stored within the collection of neutrons and protons in the atom
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• Potential energy
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is the energy available by virtue of an object’s position
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