Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Articles of Confederation
|
the first constitution of the United States of America and specified how the national government was to operate
|
|
|
Land Ordinance of 1785
|
adopted by the United States Congress on May 20, 1785. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States. Therefore, the immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired at the 1783 peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War
|
|
|
Northwest Ordinance
|
an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River.
|
|
|
Constitutional Convention
|
took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain
|
|
|
Theory of State Sovereignty
|
the idea that a republican government should not flourish in a large territory.
|
|
|
Know the history of state constitutions
|
Virginia's, which served as a model for all the others, included a declaration of principles, such as popular sovereignty, rotation in office, freedom of elections and an enumeration of fundamental liberties: moderate bail and humane punishment, speedy trial by jury, freedom of the press and of conscience, and the right of the majority to reform or alter the government.
Other states enlarged the list of liberties to guarantee freedom of speech, of assembly and of petition, and frequently included such provisions as the right to bear arms, to a writ of habeas corpus, to inviolability of domicile and to equal protection under the law. Moreover, all the constitutions paid allegiance to the three-branch structure of government -- executive, legislative and judiciary -- each checked and balanced by the others. |
|
|
Society of the Cincinnati
|
a historic organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers and to pressure the government to honor pledges it had made to officers who fought for American independence.[
|
|
|
San Souci Club
|
translates as without worry.
|
|
|
Primogeniture
|
the right, by law or custom, of the first-born to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females
|
|
|
John Woolman
|
an itinerant Quaker preacher, traveling throughout the American colonies, advocating against conscription, military taxation, and particularly slavery.
|
|
|
Federalist Number 10
|
an essay written by James Madison and the tenth of the Federalist Papers, a series arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution
|
|
|
Shays Rebellion
|
an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787
|
|
|
Virginia Plan
|
a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.[2][3] The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature
|
|
|
Committee of Detail
|
a committee established by the Philadelphia Convention on June 23, 1787 to put down a draft text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point, including the Virginia Plan's 15 resolutions.
|
|
|
Nationalists vs Localists
|
Localism describes a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local.
Nationalism involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms |
|
|
Federalists vs Anti-Federalists – (who is on which side)
|
Federalists, in favor of the contitution: John Adams. Wealthier, more educated people.
Anti-feds: against constitution: poorer, less fortunate and less educated. |
|
|
Jay-Gardoqui Treaty
|
between the United States and Spain guaranteed Spain's exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 25 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian seaports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was not ratified under the Articles of Confederation.
|
|
|
Federalist #84
|
an essay entitled "Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered," is one of the Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, published under the pseudonym Publius on May 28, 1788.
|
|
|
Montesquieu – The Spirit of Laws
|
a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in 1748 with the help of Claudine Guérin de Tencin. Originally published anonymously partly because Montesquieu's works were subject to censorship, its influence outside of France was aided by its rapid translation into other languages
|
|
|
3/5 Compromise
|
The Three-Fifths compromise was a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman.
|
|
|
William Paterson
|
was a New Jersey statesman, a signer of the U.S. Constitution, and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, who served as the 2nd governor of New Jersey, from 1790 to 1793
|
|
|
Republican
|
an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
|
|
|
Benjamin Banneker
|
free African American astronomer, mathematician, surveyor, almanac author and farmer.
|
|
|
Phyllis Wheatley
|
enslaved at the age of eight, is widely known as the first African-American woman in United States' history to have her poetry published
|
|
|
Society for the Relief of Free Negroes
|
the first American abolition society. It was initially formed April 14, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|
|
|
Henry Knox
|
a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War.
|
|
|
Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania
|
a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson (1732–1808) and published under the name "A Farmer" from 1767 to 1768. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts. The success of his letters earned Dickinson considerable fame
|
|
|
New Jersey Plan
|
a proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.[1] The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan's call for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population or direct taxes paid.[2] The less populous states were adamantly opposed to giving most of the control of the national government to the larger states, and so proposed an alternate plan that would have given one vote per state for equal representation under one legislative body
|
|
|
Anti-Federalists
|
a political philosophy which opposes the concept of Federalism. In short, Anti-Federalists dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government). A book titled "The Anti-Federalist Papers" is a detailed explanation of American Anti-Federalist thought.
|
|
|
Bill of Rights
|
the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known.[1] They were introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of legislative articles, and came into effect as Constitutional Amendments on December 15, 1791, when they had been ratified by three-fourths of the States.
|
|
|
Robert Morris
|
an American merchant, and signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. He was elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly and became the Chairman of the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety and a member of the Second Continental Congress where he served as the Chairman of the Secret Committee and as a member of the Committee of Correspondence.
|
|
|
John Jay
|
an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, a Founding Father of the United States, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789 - 95).
|
|
|
James Madison
|
an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
|
|
|
Governor Morris
|
an American statesman, a Founding Father of the United States, and a native of New York who represented Pennsylvania in the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
|
|
|
Status of Slavery
|
Slaves began to hypoctiricise the Americans for going to war for liberty, and yet keeping slaves. In the North, the economy was less dependent on slaves and many were free. Inthe South, the economy depended on them and they took up a large chun of the population.
|
