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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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energy of motion
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kinetic energy
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stored energy
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potential energy
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energy cannont be created nor destroyed only transformed from one type to another
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law of conversation of energy
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transfer of energy from one form to another increases
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entropy
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unusable enrgy
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entropy
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negative free energy change
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exergonic
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positive free energy change requieres addition of free energy
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endergonic
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agent that speeds up rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed during the reaction
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catalyst
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protein catalysts in living cells
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enzymes
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RNA molecules with catalytic properties
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ribozymes
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inital input of energy to start a reaction
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activation energy
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strains covalent bonds by binding to active site causes change in enzyme
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substrates (reactants)
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plateau where nearly all active sites occupied by substrate
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saturation
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small molecules permanently attached to the enzyme
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prosthetic groups
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usually inorganic ion that temporarily binds to the enzyme
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cofactor
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organic molecule that participates in reaction but left unchanged afterward
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coenzyme
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each step of metabolism is coordinated by a specifc
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enzyme
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catabolic pathways are
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exergonic
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anabolic pathways are
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endergonic
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removal of electrons
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oxidation
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addition of electrons
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reduction
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electron removed from one molecules is added to another
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redox reaction
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turn on or off genes
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gene regulation
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cell-signaling pathways like hormones
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cellular regulation
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inhibition-product of pathway inhibits early steps to prevent overaccumulation of product
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biochemical regulation
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final product of the metabolic pathway allostericaly inhibits and enzyme near the beginning of the pathway
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feedback inhibition
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enzyme cleaves off nucleotides from end
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exonucleases
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multiprotein complex uses exonucleases
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exosome
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