Chapter Reveiw

Front 1

Prohphase

Back 1

First faze of mitosis that seperates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleas of the parent cell into 2 daughter cells

Front 2

Metaphase

Back 2

Third faze of Mitosis spindle fibers allign and form, chromosomes move to middle.

Front 3

Anaphase

Back 3

Chromosomes are split and daughter chromatids move to poles.

Front 4

Mitosis

Back 4

Nuclear divison, that produces 2 identical daughter cells in anaphase, telaphase...etc

Front 5

Cytokinesis

Back 5

The physical process of cell division occurs in 2 types of nuclear divison mitosis and meiosis

Front 6

Cell cylce

Back 6

Chain of events that lead up to cell divison and DNA duplication

Front 7

Chromosomes

Back 7

A thread like structure located in the nucleas of plant and animal cells.

Front 8

Centromere

Back 8

The point on a chromosomes by which it is attached to the spindal fibers during cell divison.

Front 9

Spindal fibers

Back 9

Protein strcutures that form early in mitosis or cell divison

Front 10

Metaphase plate

Back 10

A imaginary plane perpindicular to the spindle fibers of a dividing cell.

Front 11

Heredity

Back 11

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Front 12

Genetics

Back 12

The study of genes, gentic vartion and heredity of living organisms

Front 13

Self pollination

Back 13

When the same pollen from another plant arrives at the stigma of another flower

Front 14

Cross-pollinations

Back 14

Tramsfer from the male reproductive organ of one plant to the female reproductive organ.

Front 15

Trait

Back 15

A distinguishing characteristics, typically one belonging to a person.

Front 16

Purebred

Back 16

Refers to a organism or a gene pair that are both the same homegues

Front 17

Hybrid

Back 17

The result of mixing in sexual reproduction, two animal or plants from a different breed

Front 18

Gene

Back 18

Discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specfic nucleotide sequence in DNA

Front 19

Dominance

Back 19

Occurs when a inheritad trait for a single gene and that gene has two versions

Front 20

Recessive

Back 20

Realting to or denoting heritable characteristics controled by genes that a expressed in offspring only when inhertied from both parents.

Front 21

Seregation

Back 21

The seperation of paired alleses during meiosis so that the members of each alleses appear in dofferent gametes

Front 22

Independent assortment

Back 22

Stating that when 2 or more charateristics are inherited the individual hereditiy factors sort independently during gamete production

Front 23

Phenotype

Back 23

The composite of an organisms obseravable characteristics

Front 24

Genotype

Back 24

The genetic make up of a cell and a organsim that will determine a charateristics.

Front 25

Homozygous

Back 25

When a individual has 2 of the same allele wearher dominant or recessive then they are homozygous

Front 26

Heterozygous

Back 26

When there are 2 differnt alleses then it is heterozygous

Front 27

Dihybrid-cross

Back 27

Is a cross between 2 different lines or strains that differ in 2 observable traits

Front 28

Homologous

Back 28

Similar in postion and evloutionary origin but not nesacerly in function

Front 29

Diploid

Back 29

Contain 2 complete sets of chromosomes from each parent.

Front 30

Haploid

Back 30

Used when a cell has half the number of usualy chromosomes

Front 31

Meiosis

Back 31

Type of cell divison that reduces the number of chromsomes in the parent cell by half and produces 4 gamete cells

Front 32

Prophase 1

Back 32

Chromosomes become visible and crossing over occurs.

Front 33

Crossing over

Back 33

The exchange of genetic material between homoglus chromsomes

Front 34

Chiasmata

Back 34

When chromsomes cross over

Front 35

Telophase 2

Back 35

4th step of meiosis 2. chromsomes move to poles

Front 36

Gentic variation

Back 36

The variations of alleses in a gene pool

Front 37

Normal distribution

Back 37

68% draw from normal distribution

Front 38

Interphase

Back 38

Part of cell cycle where cell spends most of its life. Cells copy DNA in prep for mitosis

Front 39

Chromatin

Back 39

Complex DNA and proteins that form chromsomes

Front 40

Chromatids

Back 40

One half of 2 identical threadlike strands of replicated chromosomes

Front 41

Alleses

Back 41

A vartion form of gene.

Front 42

Gametes

Back 42

The mature haploid male or female cell that reunites with one another

Front 43

Zygote

Back 43

The diploid cell resulting from the fusion of 2 haploid gametes.