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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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authority
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the ability to make laws, independent of the power to enfore them
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democracy
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government by the people, either directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections
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direct (participatory) democracy
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government in which citizens vote on laws and select officials more directly
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representative democracy
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government that derives its powers indirectly from the people, who elect those who will govern; also called a republic
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constitutional democracy
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a government that enforces recognized limits on those who govern and allows the voice of the people to be heard through free, fair and relatively frequent elections
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constitutionalism
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the set of arrangements (checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, rule of law, due process, and a bill of rights) that requires leaders to listen, think, bargain and explain before they act or make laws. held politically and legally accountable for how they exercise their powers
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statism
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rights of the nation trump rights of the individual
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popular consent
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the idea that a just government must derive its powers from the consent of the people it governs
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majority rule
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governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority
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majority
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the candidate or party that wins more than half the votes cast in an election
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plurality
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candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half (1/3 of presidents have been elected this way)
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social capital
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democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations
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ideology
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a consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government
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theocracy
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governance by religious leaders, who claim divine guidance
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Articles of Confederation
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the first governing document of the confederated states, drafted in 1777, ratified in 1781, and replaced by the present Constitution in 1789
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Annapolis Convention
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a convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation, attended by 5 states, important because it issued a call for the Constitutional Convention
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Constitutional Convention (C.C.)
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the convention in Philadelphia, May 25 to September 17, 1787, that framed the Constitution of the US
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Shay's Rebellion
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rebellion by farmers (led by Daniel Shays) in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787 protesting mortgage foreclosures; important becuase it highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the C.C. went out
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bicameralism
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the principle of a two-headed legislature
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Virginia Plan
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initial proposal at the C.C. made by the VA delegation for a strong central government with a bicameral legislature; lower house elected by voters and the upper house chosen by the lower; based on population and wealth (favored big states)
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New Jersey Plan
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proposal at the C.C. made by William Paterson of NJ for a central government with a single-house legislature in which each state would be represented equally
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Connecticut Compromise
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compromise for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in whihc representation would be based on population (and voters choices) and an upper house with each state having two senators
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three-fifths compromise
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each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a free person for taxation and representation purposes
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Federalists
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supporters of ratification of Constituion whose position promoting a strong central government was later voiced in the Federalist party
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Antifederalists
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opponents of ratification of the Constituion and of a strong central government generally
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The Federalist Papers/Essays
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series of essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788
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