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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biomechanics |
kinematics and kinetics are the two subdivisions |
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kinematics |
branch of mechanics that describes movement related to displacement, velocity, and acceleration |
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displacement |
change in position of an object that can occur in a linear or rotational manner |
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velocity |
rate at which an object moves in a given direction |
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displacement of velocity equation |
velocity = change in position / change in time |
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speed |
designates only rate and not direction |
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acceleration |
rate of change of velocity with respect to time (positive, negative, or zero) |
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derivative of velocity equation |
velocity = change in velocity / change in time |
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deceleration |
negative acceleration |
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translation |
linear kinematics occurs when all points move equidistant in the same direction, at the same time |
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rotation |
angular kinematics occurs when an object moves along a circular path about one stationary point |
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distance equation |
d = r omega |
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range of motion (ROM) |
amount of osteokinematic motion |
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impairment |
range of motion is deficient |
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goniometer |
measuring device used to measure ROM |
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degrees of freedom |
independent osteokinematic movements that occur at a joint |
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sagittal plane |
cardinal plane of flexion, extension |
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transverse plane |
cardinal plane of internal rotation, external rotation |
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frontal plane |
cardinal plane of abduction, and adduction |
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three translational degrees of freedom |
anteroposterior axis (anterior, posterior glide), coronal axis (medial, lateral glide), and longitudinal axis (superior, inferior glide) |
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arthrokinematics |
accessory movement at the joint and includes roll, spin, and glide |
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roll |
when one portion of the joint surface rolls on the other |
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spin |
occurs as an object rotates about a fixed axis |
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glide, or slide |
when one articulation surface translates relative to another |
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convex-concave rule |
When a concave surface moves on a convex surface, roll and glide occur in same direction. When a convex surface moves on a concave surface, roll and glide occur in the opposite direction. |
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instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) |
the point about which rotation of an object takes place |
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pathway of the instantaneous center of rotation (PICR) |
when the instantaneous center of rotation changes throughout the range of motion |
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acceleration equation |
change in velocity / change in time |
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kinematic motion of the movement |
a runners stride cycle |
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minima |
valley on a graph |
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maxima |
peak on a graph |
