Chapter One

Front 1

Meristems

Back 1

Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips & cambium are called _______________.

Front 2

Apical

Back 2

Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary or ________________.

Front 3

Apical Dominance

Back 3

The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called __________ ____________.

Front 4

Leaves

Back 4

The "food factories" of trees are the ___________.

Front 5

Photosynthesis, Oxygen

Back 5

The process of ____________ combines carbon dioxide & water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars. ______________ is also the product of this reaction.

Front 6

Chlorophyll

Back 6

The green color of leaves is created by the presence of ______________, which is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.

Front 7

Transpiration

Back 7

___________ is the loss of water vapor from leaves.

Front 8

Stomata, Guard Cells

Back 8

The opening & closing of __________ allow for gas exchange & transpiration is controlled by the ______ _____.

Front 9

Xylem, Phloem

Back 9

Water & dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the _________. The ________ conducts carbohydrates.

Front 10

Cambium

Back 10

The _______ is a layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem & the xylem.

Front 11

Branch Collar, Branch Bark Ridge

Back 11

The _______ _______ is formed when trunk tissue grows around branch tissues. As the branch & trunk tissues expand against each other in the branch union, the _______ _______ _______ is formed.

Front 12

Bark

Back 12

_______ protects the branches & trunk of a tree from mechanical injury & desiccation.

Front 13

a.) Absorption

b.) Conduction

c.) Anchorage

d.) Storage

e.) Hormone Production

Back 13

Name four functions of the root system.

Front 14

Osmosis

Back 14

Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots, in part, by a process called _______.

Front 15

Tropism

• Phototropism
• Geotropism

Back 15

The orientation of growth in response to an external stimulus is called _______. Two examples are _______ & _______.

Front 16

Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees

Back 16

CODIT stands for:

Front 17

Excurrent, Decurrent

Back 17

Trees with upright growth & a strong, central leader are said to exhibit _______ growth. More rounded trees, which are often broader than they are tall, have _______ growth habits.

Front 18

Mycorrhizae

Back 18

Roots & fungi form _______, which are a symbiotic relationship, aiding in the uptake of water & minerals.

Front 19

Respiration

Back 19

The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar & starch, is released is called _______.

Front 20

Deciduous, Evergreen

Back 20

Trees that lose their leaves in the autumn are called _______. Trees that maintain their leaves for more than one year are called _______.

Front 21

Auxin

Back 21

plant growth regulator

Front 22

Chlorophyll

Back 22

green pigment

Front 23

Cuticle

Back 23

waxy covering of leaf

Front 24

Petiole

Back 24

"stalk" of a leaf

Front 25

Internode

Back 25

between the nodes of a twig

Front 26

Lenticel

Back 26

small openings in stems for gas exchange

Front 27

Ray

Back 27

cells that cross the phloem & xylem for radial transport

Front 28

Absorbing Roots

Back 28

mostly located in the upper 12 inches (30 cm) of soil

Front 29

Source

Back 29

mature, green leaves - sugar producers

Front 30

Sink

Back 30

uses more energy than it produces

Front 31

B

Back 31

When cutting through a tree with a chain saw or drilling into a tree, you would pass through (in order).

a.) bark, cambium, phloem, xylem

b.) bark, phloem, cambium, xylem

c.) bark, cambium xylem, phloem

d.) bark, xylem, phloem, cambium

Front 32

A

Back 32

If the terminal bud is removed in pruning,

a.) growth may be stimulated in lateral buds

b.) flowing is stimulated to enhance fruit production

c.) the branch will die back

d.) all of the above

Front 33

D

Back 33

The growth rings of many trees

a.) are visible because of the rapid growth rate of earlywood relative to latewood

b.) can be counted to approximate a tree's age

c.) can give information about growing conditions in previous years

d.) all of the above

Front 34

A

Back 34

Which layer of cells is responsible for outward trunk growth & increased girth of a tree?

a.) cambium

b.) pith

c.) epidermis

d.) cortex

Front 35

C

Back 35

Mycorrhizae are

a.) collar-rot fungi

b.) elongated underground stems producing sucker sprouts

c.) a symbiotic relationship between fungi & roots

d.) cells in which photosynthesis takes place