Chapter One

Front 1

Controlled experiment

Back 1

fair tests, one variable changed, others kept the same,

Front 2

Survey

Back 2

process of systematically collecting, analyzing and interpreting information about an aspect of study

Front 3

Trial and error

Back 3

one attempt to solve a problem followed by another, each trial recorded, allows the investigator to gradually home in on the solution

Front 4

Case study

Back 4

in-depth investigation of one particular person or situation, can extend or help to confirm things

Front 5

Longitudinal study

Back 5

one conducted over a long period of time, researcher can examine records of past events to build a picture of changes over time

Front 6

Double blind trial

Back 6

neither the patient or the medical practitioner knows whether the patient is receiving the treatment or the placebo

Front 7

Ethics

Back 7

set of moral principles or values, some principles that an investigation involving humans should satisfy are: 1) informed consent
2) voluntary participation
3) risk of harm
4) confidentiality

Front 8

Variable

Back 8

any factor that may change during an experiment

Front 9

Independent variable

Back 9

factor being investigated, deliberately changed to see an effect, made different in the control and experimental groups, on the X axis of a graph

Front 10

Dependent variable

Back 10

factor that changes in response to changes in the independent variable, what is measured, on the Y axis of a graph

Front 11

Controlled variables

Back 11

factors kept the same for both the control and experimental groups

Front 12

Repetition

Back 12

doing the same experiment over and over

Front 13

Replication

Back 13

number of identical experiments running together or performing the experiment on a large number of subjects at the same time

Front 14

Valid

Back 14

an experiment is deemed valid when it tests what it was created to test

Front 15

Reliability

Back 15

the extent to which an experiment gives the same result each time it is performed

Front 16

Quantitative Data

Back 16

expressed in numbers/measurements

Front 17

Qualitative Data

Back 17

observations not involving numbers or measurements, eg 'Student A is taller than Student B'

Front 18

Outliers

Back 18

values well beyond the range of the rest of the measurements, can affect the mean, may result from errors