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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Algorithm |
pg 345 A step-by-step prescription for achieving a goal; usually tied to a specific subject area |
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Analogical Thinking |
pg 346 limits the search for solutions to situations that have something in common with the one you currently face; heuristic skill |
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Argumentation |
pg 357 the process of constructing and critiquing arguments and debating claims; requires supporting your position with evidence and understanding and then refuting your opponent's claims and evidence |
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Availability Heuristic |
pg 347 Judgments are based on the availability of information in our memories |
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Belief Perseverance |
pg 347 the tendency to hold on to our beliefs , even in the face of contradictory evidence |
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Brainstorming |
pg 353 to separate the process of creating ideas from the process of evaluating them; evaluation often inhibits creativity |
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CAPS |
pg 336 reading literature strategy. Stands for: C- Who are the characters? A- What is the aim of the story? P- What problem happens? S- How is the problem solved? |
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Cmaps |
pg 334 free downloadable tools online to create concept maps |
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Concept Map |
pg 334 graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge and relationships within a particular field or on a given topic |
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Confirmation Bias |
pg 347 the tendency to search for information that confirms ideas and beliefs |
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Convergent Thinking |
pg 350 the ability to identify only one answer |
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Creativity |
pg 350 the ability to produce work that is original but still appropriate and useful |
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Critical Thinking |
pg 355 the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action |
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Divergent Thinking |
pg 350 the ability to propose many different ideas or answers |
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Executive Control Processes |
pg 328
are a set of cognitive processes including attentional control, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, as well as reasoning, problem solving, and planning that are necessary for selecting and successfully monitoring behaviors that facilitate the attainment of chosen goals. |
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Functional Fixedness |
pg 346
The difficulty to find a solution due to fixation on conventional uses for materials |
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Heuristic |
pg 345
a general strategy that might lead to the right answer |
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Insight |
pg 352
he capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a problem |
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KWL |
pg 330
Reading organizer; stands for K- What do I already know? W- What do I want to know? L- What have I learned? |
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Learning Strategies |
pg 331
procedural knowledge; knowing how to do something; thousands of strategies. Ex: summary, outlining, mnemonic |
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LINCS Vocabulary Strategy |
pg 338
uses stories/imagery to learn how to ID, organize, define, and remember words. Stands for: L- "List the parts" ID the vocal word and key info I- "ID a reminding word" Pick a known word that reminds you of the vocal word N- "Note a LINCing story" Create a story that bridges the vocal with the known word C- "Create a LINCing picture" draw a picture to represent the story S- "Self-test" Check vocab learning by reciting all parts of their LINCS |
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Mean-ends Analysis |
pg 345
the problem is decided into a number of intermediate goals/sub-goals, then a means of solving each is figured out |
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Metacognition |
pg 328
Knowledge/awareness of self as knower; cognition about cognition |
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Overlearning |
pg 361
practicing a skill past the point of mastery |
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Problem |
pg 339
Hs an initial state, a goal, and a path for reaching the goal |
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Problem Solving |
pg 340 formulating new answers, going beyond the simple application of previously learned rules to achieve a goal |
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Production Deficiency |
pg 337
Students learn strategies, but don't apply them when they could or should |
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READS |
pg 336 strategy for grades above elementary. Stands for: R- Review headings/subheadings E- Examine boldface words A- Ask, "What do I expect to learn?" D- Do it–Read! S- Summarize in your own words |
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Representativeness Heuristic |
pg 347
making judgments about the probability of an event under uncertainty |
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Response Set |
pg 346
fixation that blocks effective problem solving by getting stuck on one way of representing a problem |
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Restructuring |
pg 352
seeing the problem in a new way to try and solve it |
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Schema-driven Problem Solving |
pg 345
Seeing a new problem as a "disguised" version of an old problem that you already know how to solve |
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Transfer |
pg 359
something previously learned influences current learning; when solving an earlier problem affects how a new problem is solved |
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Verbalization |
pg 346
putting problem-solving into words and giving reasons for selecting your answer |
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Working-backward Strategy |
pg 346 beginning at the goal and working backwards to the unsolved initial problem |
