Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Temporal Predcedence |
One of 3 criteria to determine if one event caused another Causes always come before the effects |
|
|
Association |
One of 3 criteria to determine if one event caused another Show that changes in the putative cause covaries in some reliable way with its alleged effect |
|
|
Elimination of Rival Explanations |
Must determine it is in fact the putative cause that is responsible for the effect |
|
|
Internal Validity |
If the test measures what it is meant to be testing. 3 Threats: History: in pretest/posttest designs, what other events could have occurred that could account for changes Maturation: processes within the research participants themselves that change as a function of time Testing: the effects of taking a test on scores in the second testing Prestest Sensitization: when changes could be due to the sensitization of the pretest, not the independent variable itself |
|
|
Statistical Regression |
propensity of extreme scorers on the first testing to score loser to the mean of the group on the second testing |
|
|
Assumption of pretest equivalence |
assumption that the two groups are equal at time of the pretest |
|
|
Random Assignment |
achieved by letting chance be the sole determinant of which group any given person is a member of |
|
|
Matching |
intentionally creates equivalence; may choose to match the groups on pretests scores or on some variable we know to be related |
|
|
External Validity |
the generalizability of results beyond the specifics of the study, doesn’t necessarily depend on representativeness of the sample, depends on the nature of the phenomenon with which one is dealing and on one’s research objectives |
|
|
Ecological Validity |
refers to the representativeness of the treatments and measures used in relation to the particular milieu to which you wish to generalize |
|
|
Statistically Significant |
when an observed correlation is greater than would be expected on the basis of change variation alone. Does not imply anything about causation |
