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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name two of the six variations on the inheritance pattern discovered by Mendel.
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Incomplete Dominance- is the phenotype of the hetrozygote is intermediate compared to the two homozygous phenotype.
example: pink snapdragon flower example: pink snapdragon flower Multiple Alleles- he APO blood groups in humans are examples of multiple alleles. Codominance- The A and B allele are dominant over the O allele. The A and B alleles are codominant with each other Pleiotropy-is the impact of a single gene on more than one characteristic. example: sickle cell anemia Polygenic Inheritance- Is the additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotype example: height and skin color Environment-Many human characteristics result from a combination of heredity and enviorment. Ex: skin color and height |
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Describe the genetics of the ABO blood system.
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The APO blood groups in humans are examples of multiple alleles
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How many alleles are there?
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there are three possible alleles A B and O
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How many alleles does each person have?
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Each person has two alleles,so there are six possible genotypes
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How many different genotypes are possible?
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six
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How many different phenotypes?
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there are four phenotypes
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What does it mean to be blood type “A” etc.? Who is the universal donor and who is the universal recipient?
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universal donor = type O; universal recipient = type AB
type A means genotype AA or AO and red blood cells have "A" carbohydrate sticking out |
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Explain how the three different types of RNA are involved with ribosomes.
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mRNA - carries the message to make a specific protein from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
rRNA - makes up the ribosome (along with proteins) and is the enzyme making the peptide bonds between the amino acids of the new proteins being made in translation tRNA - "reads" the mRNA message by matching its anticodon sequence to the codons in the mRNA and thus bringing specific amino acids |
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What is a transfer RNA?
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acts as a molecular interperter,also carries amino acids,and matches amino acids with codons in mRNA using anticodons. What are the two important sites of a tRNA? RNA polynuceleotide,anticodon An anticodon that can base-pair with a codon. A site that binds to the kind of amino acid specified by the codon.
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cells contain how many different tRNAs?
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our cells contain 61 different tRNAs (64 different codons minus three stop codons).
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Describe the stages and overall process of translation.
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Initation-mRNA joins with an initiator tRNA and two ribosomal subunits. Elongation-Ribosome joins amino acids delivered by tRNA in the order specified by mRNA codons. Termination- Ribosome encounters a stop codon; mRNA and polypeptide are relesed; ribosome disassembles.
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