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51 Cards in this Set
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One of a suggested three-kingdom classification scheme based on biochemistry; it includes archaebacteria |
Archaea |
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prokaryotes found in extreme environments; also called extremophiles |
Archaebacteria |
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one of a ssuggested three-kingdom classification scheme based on biochemistry; it includes eubacteria |
Bacteria |
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the process of increasing the rate of chemical reactions |
catalysis |
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to increase the rates of chemical reactions compared with uncatalyzed reactions |
catalytic activity |
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the outer membrane of the cell that separates it from the outside world |
cell membrane |
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the outer coating of bacterial and plant cells |
cell wall |
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thee organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in green plants |
chloroplasts |
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an aggregate of DNA and protein |
chromatin |
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tightly coild strands of chromatin that contain the genetic material and associated protiens |
chromosomes |
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the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion |
cristae |
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a lattice of fine strands, consisting mostly of protein, that pervades the cystol |
cytoskeleton |
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the portion of the cell that lies outside the nucleus and the other membrane-enclosed organelles |
cytosol |
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energy absobing |
endergonic |
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a continuous single-membrane system throughout the cell |
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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a symbiotic relationship in which a smaller organism is completely contained within a larger organism |
endosymbiosis |
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a thermodynamic quantity measured as the heat of reaction at constant pressure |
enthalpy |
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the state in which a forward process and a reverse process occur at the same rate, and the change in free energy is zero |
equilibrium |
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prokaryotic "true bacteria", as distinguished from archaeabacteria |
eubacteria |
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one of a suggested three-kingdom classification scheme based on biochemistry; it includes eukaryotes |
eukarya |
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multicellular or single-celled organism whose cells have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
eukaryotes |
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energy-releasing |
exergonic |
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a thermodynamic quantity; diagnostic of the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature |
free energy |
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one of the groups of atoms that give rise to the characteristic reactions of organic compounds |
functional group |
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individual units of heredity, controlling individual traits by coding for a functional protein or RNA |
genes |
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the relationship between the nucleotide sequence in nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence in proteins |
genetic code |
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the total DNA of a cell |
Genome |
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membrane-enclosed sacs in plant cells that contain the enzymes that catalyze the glyoxylate cycle |
glyoxysomes |
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a cytoplasmic organelle that consists of flattened membranous sacs, usually involve in secretion of protiens |
Golgi apparatus |
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the change in enthalpy, or &H |
Heat of a reaction at constant temperature |
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membrane-enclosed sacs containing hydrolytiv enzymes |
lysosomes |
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the space within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion |
matrix |
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an organelle that contains the apparatus responsible for aerobic oxidation of nutrients, which provides energy for the cell |
mitochondrion |
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one of the five kingdoms used to classify living organisms; it includes prokaryotes |
monera |
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a small molecule that may bond to many others to form a polymer |
monomer |
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the portion of a prokaryotic cell that contains the DNA |
Nuclear region |
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a macromolecule formed by polymerization of nucleotides |
nucleic acids |
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a portion of the nucleus rich in RNA |
nucleolus |
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the organelle that contains the main genetic apparatus in eukaryotes |
nucleus |
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a membrane-enclosed portion of a cell with a specific function |
organelle |
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the study of compounds of carbon and hydrogen and their derivatives |
organic chemistry |
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the loss of electrons |
oxidation |
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membrane-bound sacs that contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide |
peroxisomes |
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a macromolecule formed by the bonding of smaller units |
polymer |
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a microorganism that lacks a distinct nuleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
prokaryote |
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a macromolecule formed by polymerization of amino acids |
protein |
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one to the five kingdoms used to classify living organisms; it includes single-celled eukaryotes |
protista |
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the gain of electrons |
reduction |
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the site of protein synthesis in all organisms, consisting of RNA and protein |
ribosomes |
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the study of transformations and transfer of energy |
thermodynamics |
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a cavity within the cytoplasm of a cell, typically enclosed by a single membrane, that may serve secretory, excretory, ore storage functions |
vacuole |
