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256 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accomodation
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Adjustement of the eye for various distances so that images fall on the retina of the eye
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Acuity
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clearness or sharpness
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Adnexa
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tissues or structures in the body adjacent to or near a related structure
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Articulating
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being loosley joined or connected together to allow motion between the parts
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humor
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any fluid or semifluid of the body
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labyrinth
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series of intricate communicating passages
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opaque
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substance that does not allow the passage of light
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perilymph
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fluid that very closely resembles spinal fluid but found in cochlea
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photopigment
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light-sensetive pigment in the retinal cones and rods that absorb and initiat ethe visual process also called visual pigment
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refractive
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ability to bend light rays as they pass from one medium to the nxt
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tunic
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layer or coat of tissue ;membrane layer
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taste
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gustation
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olfaction
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smell
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dynamic equilibrium
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maintaing body position in response to movement
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static equilibrium
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orientation of the body relative to gravity
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vestibule
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joins the cochlea and the semicircular canals
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semicircular canals
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maintain both static and dynamic equilibrium
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vestibular system
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contains the semicircular canals and vestibule to maintain the equilibrium
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oval window
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place of attatchement fo rthe stapes
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Hair Cells
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tiny nerve ending located in the corti
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Organ of corti
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highly sensitive hearing structure covered in tiny hair cells
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Cochlea
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first structure in inner ear and is a snail shaped structure filled with perilymph lines with organ of corti and hair cells
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Stapes
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stirrups
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Incus
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anvil
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Malleus
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hammer
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ossicles
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three smallest bones in the body called - incus malleus and stapes
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Typanum
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or eardrum, flat membranous structer drawn over the ear canal
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Tympanic Membrane
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eardrum
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Cerumen
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waxy secreation
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Ear canal
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slender tube lined with glands that produce cerumen
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External auditory canal
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ear canl tha tproduces waxy secretion
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pinna
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auricle collects waves traveling through air and channels them through the ear canal
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Auricle
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pinna collects waves thraveling through the air and channels them through the ear canal
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external ear
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outer ear
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Nasal Cavity
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lined with mucous membranes
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lacrimals canals
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pinpoint opening
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tympanic cavity
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middle ear
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canthi (canthus)
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inner edges of eyes
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lacrimal glands
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produce tears nbathe and lubricate eyes
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viterous chamber
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the interior of the eye
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vitreous humor
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jellylike substance that fills the interior of the eye
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glaucoma
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aqueous humor fails to drain from rate that it is produced
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conal of schlemm
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cilairy of eye is drained through this small canal
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Anterior chamber
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provides nourishment for the lens and cornea
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Posterior chamber
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humor found here and provides nourishment of rlens and cornea
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Aqueaous Humor
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one of the two makor humors of body drained through the ciliary of the eye
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humors
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major fluids
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blind spot
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the center no rods or cones
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optic disc
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nerve and blood vessels enter here
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optic nerve
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chemichal changes are transmitted through the nerve to the brain to interpret vision
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Fovea
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light rays are directed through the fovea provides greatest acuity of color
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Cones
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Function in Bright light and produce color vision
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rods
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function in dimlight and produce black and white vision
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Nervous layer
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visual portion thick inner layer of eye
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Pigmented layer
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lying of choroid and thin layer
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Retina
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innermost senory tunic responsible fo rreception oand transmission of visual impulses to the brain
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Suspensory ligaments
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hrlps to contract the lens
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lens
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held between suspensory ligaments and contracts to focus on image
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pupil
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perforated center of iris
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ciliary body
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attatched to capsular bg holding lens between suspensory ligament as it contracts lens focuses
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Iris
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colored contractile membrane with pupil in center, regulates the amount of lihght to the interior eye
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Choroid
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provides blood supply for the entire eye in contians pigmented cells that prevent extreaneous light from entering the inside of the eye
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Conjunctiva
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a thin membrane covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids
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Cornea
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transparent allowing light to enter interior of the eye does not contain capillaries .relys on eye fluid for nourishment
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Sclera
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white of the eye provides strength shape and structure to the eye
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fibrous tunic
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provides as protective structure for sensitive beneath
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Ambly/o
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dull, dim
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aque/o
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water
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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choroid/o
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choroid
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conjunctiv/o
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conjunctiva
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core/o
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pupil
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pupill/o
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pupil
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corne/o
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cornea
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cycl/o
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ciliary body of eye; circular;cycle
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dacry/o
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tear;lacrimal apparatus (duct sac or gland)
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lacrim/o
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tear;lacrimal apparatus (duct sac or gland)
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dacryocyst/o
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lacrimal sac
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glauc/o
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gray
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goni/o
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angle
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irid/o
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iris
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kerat/o
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horny tissue ;hard;cornea
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ocul/o
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eye
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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opt/o
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eye, vision
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optic/o
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eye vision
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phac/o
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lens
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phot/o
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light
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presby/o
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old age
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retin/o
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retina
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scler/o
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hardening;sclera (white of eye)
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scot/o
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darkness
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vitr/o
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vitreous body (of eye)
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audi/o
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hearing
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labyrinth/o
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labyrinth;iner ear
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mastoid/o
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mastoid process
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ot/o
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ear
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salping/o
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tubes (usually fallopian or eustachian {auditory} tubes)
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staped/o
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stapes
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myring/o
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tympanic membrane eardrum
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tympan/o
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eardrum ; tympanic membrane
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-acusia
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hearing
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-cusis
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hearing
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-opia
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vision
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-opsia
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vision
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-tropia
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turning
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exo-
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outside, outward
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hyper-
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excessive above normal
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Ophthamology
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medical specialty concerned with study of the eye
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ophthamologist
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physician who treats disorders of the eye
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Optometrists
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not medical doctors but diagnose vision of eye problems and eye disease prescribe eyegasses and drugs cannot always perform surgery
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otolaryngology
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medical specialty of concerned with disorders of the ear nose and throat
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audiologist
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allied health care professional s who work with patients with hearing and balnce related problems
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otolaryngologist
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treats ears, nose and throat specialist
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ametropia
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an error of refraction light rays fsail to focus sharply on reitn a
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Hyperopia
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farsightedness
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mypoia
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nnearsightedness
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astigmatism
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cornea or lens ihas a deffective curvature
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LASIK
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laser assisted surgery keratomileusis changes shape of corena permanently
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Phaceomulsification
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ultrasound or laser probe
(small incision cataract surgery |
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intraocular lens
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artificial lens bendable
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open-angle glaucoma
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chronic form or simple
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wide angle glaucoma
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chronic form primary glaucoma
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angle closure glaucoma
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acute form
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Narrow angle glaucoma
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acute form
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tonometry
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diagnosis glaucoma screen test that measures intraocular preseure by determining the resistance of the eyeball t oindensation by an applied force
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slit lamp
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high intensity beam used to assess the external surface and internal segments of eye after administration of local anesthetic
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tonometer
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measures intraocular pressure
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gonioscope
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vizualizes anterior chamber angle and expand the scope of the examination
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applanation tonometry
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most acurat etonometry which permits humor to exit the eye
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Strabismus
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condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other and the eyes do not focus simutaneoudly when vieing an object
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hetertropia
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strabismus
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tropia
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strabismus
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esotropia
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inward misalignment of eyes
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exotropis
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up down or combination misalignment of eye
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stereopsis
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binocular perception of depth or three dimensional space
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amblyopia
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lazy eye syndrome vision is supressed
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ARMD
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age related muscular degeneration
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Neovascular
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less common ARMD is wet or neovascular small blood vessels form under macula leaking and destroy vessels loss of central vision
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photocoagulation
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can treat Neovascular and is successful but results do not last
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Drusen
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dried retinal pigment epithelia cells that form granuels on the macula
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otitis media
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inflammation of the middle ear caused by virus or bacterium earache or draining of pus in ear
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streptococcus pneumonaie
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most common form of otitis media
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URI
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upper respiratory infection
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otopyorrhea
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pus from the ear
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otoencephalitis
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inflammation of brain tissue near middle ear
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analgesics
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medications to relieve pain
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myringotomy
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incision of eardrum to relieve pressure
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tympanotomy
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incision of the eardrum to relieve pressure
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pressure-equalizing tubes
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usual treatment for children passed through the tympanic membrane help to drain fluid from middle ear
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otosclerosis
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abnormal hardening of bones of middle ear that cause hearing loss
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ankylosis
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abnormal hardening
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tinnitus
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ringing sound
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stapedectomy
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removal of stapes
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stapedotomy
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removal of stapes and implanation of prosthetic device to allow sound waves to pass to inner ear
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retinoblastoma
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vision is impaired and mostly both eyes in cell retinal neuron
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melanoma
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may occur in the orbit the bony cavity of eyeball the iris or the ciliary body but mostyly in choroid
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Bilateral
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Both sides
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enucleation
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removal of affected eye
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achromatopsia
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sever congenital drfficiency in color perception color blindness
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chalazion
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small hard tumor developing on the eyelifd somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst
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conjunctivitis
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inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion producing red or pink eye secondary to viral bacterial or fungal infection
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convergence
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medial movement of the eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being veiwed
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diopter (D)
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measurement of refraction error
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ectropion
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eversion or outward turning of the egde of lower eyelid
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emmetropia
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state of normal vision
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entropion
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inversion or inward turning edge of lowere eyelid
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epiphora
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abnormal overflow of tears
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exophthalmos
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protrusiomn of one or both eyeballs
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hordeolum
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localizes, cirumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid generally caused by bacterial infection stye
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metamorphopsia
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visual distortion of object
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nyctalopia
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impaired vision in dim light night blindness
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nystagmus
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involuntary eye movement that appear jerky anf may reduce vision or be associated with other more serious condition thatlmit sight
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papilledema
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edema and hyperermia of the optic disc usually associated with increased intracranial pressurechocked dissc
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photophobia
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unusual intolerance and sensetivity to light
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Presbyopia
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loss of accomadatuion of the crystalline lens associated with thr aging process
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retinopathy
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amy disorder of retinal blood vessels
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diabetic
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small hemorrhages edema and formation of new vessels on the retina leading to scrring and loss of vision
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trachoma
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chronic contagious form of conjunctivitis common in the southwestern united states that typically leads to blindness
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visual field
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area withing which objects may be seen when the eye is in a fixed position
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anacusis
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complete deafness also called anacusia
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conducation impairement
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blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear
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labyrinthitis
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inflammtion of the inner ear tgat usuakky resukts fron acute febrile process
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meniere disease
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disorder of labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing
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noise induced hearing loss
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condition caused by the destruction of hair cells the organs resposible for hearing caused by sounds too long too loud too close
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otis externa
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infection of the external auditry canal
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presbyacusis
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impairement of hearing resulting from old aGE
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vertigo
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hallucination of movement or a feeling of spinning or dissiness
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audiometry
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measurement o hearing acuity at various sound wave frequencies
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caloric stimulation test
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test that uses diffrent water temperature to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo
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electronystagmography
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method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electricla activity of the extraocular muscles
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oothalmodynametrey
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measurement of blood pressure of the retinal vessels
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visual acuity test
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part of an eye examiniation that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at distance of twenty feet
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gonioscopy
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examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular mootility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma
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ophthalmoscopy
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visual exam of the interior of the eye using hand held ophthalmoscope various adjustable lenses for magnification and light source to illuminate interioe of the eye
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otoscopy
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visual exam of external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using and otoscope
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pneumatic
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procedure thet assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure
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retinscopy
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evaluation of the refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determinging themovement of inflected light rays
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dacryoscopy
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rediographic imaging procedures of the nasosacrimal glands and dicts
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fluoresciencopy angiography
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asessess blood vessels and the ir leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of fluororescein dye
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orthoptic training
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exercises intended to improve eye movements or visual tracking that uses training glasses prism glassess or tinted colored lenses
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blephoroplasty
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cosmetic procedure that removes fatty tissue above and below eyes that commonly form as result of aging process or excessive exposure to sun
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cochlear implant
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artificIL HEARING DEVICE THAT PRODUCES USEFUL HEARING SENSATIONS BY ELECTRICALLY STIMULATING NERVES INSIDE THE INNER EAR
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cyclodialysis
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formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal spavce for the draing of aqueous humor
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enucleation
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removal of the eyeball from orbit
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evisceration
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removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea in tact
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mastoid antrotomy
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surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process
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otoplasty
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corrective surgrery for deformed or excessivley large pinna
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phaceomulsification
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method of treating cataracts by usuing ultrasonic waves to disintergrat ea cloudy lens which is then aspirated or removed
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radial keratomy
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incision of the cornea for tretament of nearsightedness
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scleostomy
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surgical formation of an opening in the sclera
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rinne
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evaluates the bone conduction versus air conduction
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weber fork test
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evaluates bone conduction of soundin both ears at the same time
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tympanoplasty
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reconstructuiion of the eardrum commonly due to prerforration
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antibiotics ;ophthalmic
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inhibit growth of microorganismimsthat infect the eye yopical treatments and ointments
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antiglaucoma agents
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decrease qqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and cornea
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mydriatics
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dirupt parasympathetic nerve supply to to the eye or stimulat ethe sympathetic nervous system causing pupil to dialate
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ophthalmic decongestants
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constrict the small arterioles of the eye decreasing the redness and relieving conjunctival congestion
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ophthalmic mousturizers
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soothe dry eyes due to enviornmental irritants asnd allergens
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antiemetics
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treat and prevent nausea vomiting dizziness and vertifgo by reduceing the sesetivity of the inner ear ro motion or inhibiting stimuli from reaching the part of brain that triggers
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otic analgesics
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provide temporary relief from pain and ingflammation associated with otic disorders
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wax emulsifier
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loosen and help remove impacted cerumen ear wax
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Acc
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accomadation
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ARMD, AMD
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age related muscle degeneration
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Ast
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astigmatisim
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CK
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conductive keratoplasty creatine kinase
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CT
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computed tomography
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D
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dioupter (lens strenghth)
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Em
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emmetropia
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EOM
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extraocular movement
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IOL
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intraocular lens
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IOP
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intraocular pressure
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LASIK
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laser assisted in situ keratomileusis
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mix astig
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mixed astigmatism
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Myop
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myopia (nearsightedness)
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OD
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right eye
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O.D.
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Doctor of optometry
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OS
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left eye
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OU
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both eyes
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PERRLA
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pupils equal round and reactive to light and accomadtion
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RK
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radial keratotomy
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SICS
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snall incision cataract surgery
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SLE
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slit lamp exam systemic lupus erythematosus
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ST
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esotropia
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VA
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visual acuity
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VF
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visual field
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XT
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exotropia
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AC
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air conduction
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AD
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right ear
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AS
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left ear
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AU both ears BC
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bone conduction
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ENT
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ear nose and throat
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NIHL
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nose induced hearing loss
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OM
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otitis meida
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PE
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physical exam pulmoanry embolism pressure equaliizn gtubes
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URI
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upper respiratory infection
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