Chapter Four Key Terms

Front 1

Ethics

Back 1

The set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group

Front 2

Ethical Behavior

Back 2

Behavior that conforms to a society's accepted principle of right and wrong

Front 3

Workplace Deviance

Back 3

Unethical behavior that violates organizational norms about right and wrong

Front 4

Production Devience

Back 4

Unethical behavior that hurts the quality and quantity of work produced

Front 5

Property Deviance

Back 5

Unethical behavior aimed at the organization's property or products

Front 6

Employee Shrinkage

Back 6

Employee theft of company merchandise

Front 7

Political Deviance

Back 7

Using one's influence to harm others in the company

Front 8

Personal Aggression

Back 8

Hostile or aggressive behavior toward others

Front 9

Ethical Intensity

Back 9

The degree of concern people have about an ethical issue

Front 10

Magnitude of Consequences

Back 10

The total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision

Front 11

Social Consensus

Back 11

Agreement on whether behavior is bad or good

Front 12

Probability of Effect

Back 12

The change that something will happen that results in harm to others

Front 13

Temporal Immediacy

Back 13

The time between an act and the consequences the act produces

Front 14

Proximity of Effect

Back 14

The social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance between a decision maker and those affected by his or her decisions

Front 15

Concentration of Effect

Back 15

The total harm or benefit that an act produces on the average person

Front 16

Preconventional Level of Moral Development

Back 16

The first level of moral development, in which people make decisions based on selfish reasons

Front 17

Conventional Level of Moral Development

Back 17

The second level of moral development, in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectations

Front 18

Postconventional Level of Moral Development

Back 18

The third level of moral development, in which people make decisions based on internalized principles

Front 19

Principle of Long-Term Self-Interest

Back 19

An ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not in your or your organization's long-term self-interest

Front 20

Principle of Personal Virtue

Back 20

An ethical principle that holds that you should never do anything that is not honest, open, and truthful and that you would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers or on TV

Front 21

Principle of Religious Injunctions

Back 21

An ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not kind and that does not build a sense of community

Front 22

Principle of Government Requirments

Back 22

An ethical principle that holds that you should never take any actions that violates the law, for the law represents the minimal moral standard

Front 23

Principle of Utilitarian Benefits

Back 23

An ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that does not result in greater good for society

Front 24

Principle of Individual Rights

Back 24

An ethical principle that holds that you should never take any actions that infringes on others' agreed-upon rights

Front 25

Principle of Distributive Justice

Back 25

An ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that harms the least fortunate among us: the poor, the uneducated, the unemployed

Front 26

Overt Integrity Test

Back 26

A written test that estimates job applicants' honesty by directly asking them what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors

Front 27

Personality-Based Integrity Test

Back 27

A written test that indirectly estimates job applicants' psychological traits, such as dependability and conscientiousness

Front 28

Whistleblowing

Back 28

Reporting others' ethics violations to management or legal authorities

Front 29

Social Responsibility

Back 29

A business's obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society

Front 30

Shareholder Model

Back 30

A view of social responsibility that holds that an organization's overriding goal should be profit maximization for the benefit of shareholders

Front 31

Stakeholder Model

Back 31

A theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management's most important responsibility, long-term survival, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders

Front 32

Stakeholders

Back 32

Persons or groups with a "stake," or legitimate interest, in a company's actions

Front 33

Primary Stakeholder

Back 33

Any group on which an organization relies for its long-term survival

Front 34

Secondary Stakeholder

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Any group that can influence or be influenced by a company and can affect public perceptions about the company's socially responsible behavior

Front 35

Economic Responsibility

Back 35

A company's social responsibility to make a profit by producing a valued product or service

Front 36

Legal Responsibility

Back 36

A company's social responsibility to obey society's laws and regulations

Front 37

Ethical Responsibility

Back 37

A company's social responsibility not to violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its business

Front 38

Discretionary Responsibilities

Back 38

The social roles that a company fulfills beyond its economics, legal, and ethical responsibilites

Front 39

Social Responsiveness

Back 39

Refers to a company's strategy to respond to stakeholder's economic, legal, ethical, or discretionary expectations concerning social responsibility

Front 40

Reactive Strategy

Back 40

A social responsiveness strategy in which a company does less than society expects

Front 41

Defensive Strategy

Back 41

A social responsiveness strategy in which a company admits responsibility for a problem but does the least required to meet societal expections

Front 42

Accommodative Strategy

Back 42

A social responsiveness strategy in which a company accepts responsibility for a problem and does all that society expects to solve that problem

Front 43

Proactive Strategy

Back 43

A social responsiveness strategy in which a company anticipates a problem before it occurs and does more than society expects to take responsibility for an address the problem