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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Water |
Trees take up essential elements, dissolved in _______, through the roots. |
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Macronutrients |
_______ are elements required by trees in relatively large quantities.
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Nitrogen |
The macronutrient _______ is a constituent of chlorophyll, & if deficient, can cause reduced growth & yellowing of the foliage.
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Chlorosis |
Yellowing between the leaf veins is called _______ and may be the result of mineral deficiencies.
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Slow-Release Fertilizers |
It is desirable to use _______ - _______ _______, because they release nutrients, usually nitrogen, over an extended period of time.
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Fertilizer Analysis |
The _______ _______, listed on the container, gives the relative percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium.
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Ten Pounds (4.6 kg) |
A 50-pound (23 kg) bag of 20-15-5 fertilizer contains _______ pounds (or _______ kg) of actual nitrogen.
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Organic |
Manure & sewage sludge are _______ forms of fertilizer.
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Slow-Release |
If fertilizer "burn" or leaching are potential problems, it may be desirable to use a _______ - _______.
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Reverse Osmosis |
If the concentration of salts within the surrounding soil is much greater than the concentration of solutes (salts) found in the root cells, this leads to a phenomenon known as _______ _______, in which water is "drawn out" of the roots.
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Water |
The most important factor for good uptake of fertilizer elements is adequate ________.
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True |
True/False - Surface application of fertilizer is relatively inexpensive & makes the fertilizer available in the upper few inches (cm) of soil.
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Fertilizer is placed below the absorbing roots |
What is the biggest problem with deep root fertilization?
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Micronutrient |
Foliar application of fertilizer is sometimes used to correct _______ deficiencies.
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Limited to trees over 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter Not suited for addressing macronutrient deficiencies Resulting wounds limit ability to repeat applications |
Name two limitations to trunk implants & micro-injections.
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Fertilizer Salts |
Wilting, marginal burning & dieback may be symptoms of excess _______ _______ in the root zone.
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Leaching |
_______ is the washing out of chemicals down through the soil.
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Element Requirements |
Fertilization recommendations should be based on _______ _______.
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pH |
Two of the most important levels measured in a soil analysis are the _______ & the salt levels (especially in arid regions).
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Defense |
Studies now show that nitrogen fertilization can trigger a tree's energy allocation toward growth, sometimes at the expense of _______.
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Micronutrients |
Copper, chlorine & boron are examples of _______. |
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10-6-4 |
Numbers associated with fertilizer analysis. |
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Complete Fertilizer |
nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium |
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2 to 4 lbs per 1000 sq ft (1 to 2 kg per 100 sq m) |
rate often recommended for tree fertilization |
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Chlorosis |
interveinal foliar yellowing |
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B |
An 80-pound bag of 10-6-4 fertilizer contains how many pounds of actual nitrogen?
a.) 6 b.) 8 c.) 10 d.) 4 |
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B |
A complete fertilizer contains:
a.) all 16 essential elements b.) nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium c.) organic & inorganic nitrogen d.) equal amounts of N , P & K |
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D |
A tree may not respond immediately to fertilizer application if:
a.) a slow-release fertilizer was applied b.) there is inadequate soil moisture c.) the tree is not actively growing d.) all of the above |
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C |
A soil test may not identify a nutrient deficiency problem in a plant because:
a.) the tests are not reliable b.) the nutrient content can change after collecting c.) the soil may contain adequate nutrients but something may be inhibiting uptake d.) no on knows which levels of nutrients in the soils are adequate |
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A |
Sulfur-coated urea or urea formaldehyde is sometimes included in nitrogen fertilizers because:a.) slow-release forms of nitrogen are sometimes desiredb.) the soil pH must be adjusted to optimize nutrient uptakec.) the soil's buffering capacity may inhibit nitrogen absorptiond.) urea is a good, natural source of phosphorus
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