Chapter Eight

Front 1

endergonic reactions are driving fwd by coupling the reaction with an

Back 1

exergonic process

Front 2

the regions on the surface of the earth and in the atomsphere

Back 2

biosphere

Front 3

cannont produce their own organic molecules and must contain food from other organisms

Back 3

hetertrophs

Front 4

has metabolic pathways that use energy or light to make organic molecules

Back 4

autotrophs

Front 5

autotrophs that use light as a source of energy to make organic molecules

Back 5

photoautotrophs

Front 6

carry out cellular respiration

Back 6

hetertrophs n autotrophs

Front 7

organelles that carry out photosynthesis

Back 7

chloroplasts

Front 8

gives plants their green color

Back 8

chlorophyll

Front 9

containts cells with chloroplast and carry out the bulk of photosynthesis

Back 9

mesophyll

Front 10

where CO2 enters and O2 exits, surface pores on the plants

Back 10

stomata

Front 11

containts pigment molecules forms thykaloids, sight where light reactions occure

Back 11

thykaloid membrane

Front 12

tubules that enclose a compartment known as the thykaloid lumen

Back 12

thykaloid

Front 13

stacked thykaloids

Back 13

granum

Front 14

fluid filled region of chloroplast between inner membrane and thkaloid membrane

Back 14

stroma

Front 15

photosystem 2 and 1 absorb light energy and produce ATP NADPH and O2

Back 15

light reactions

Front 16

ATP is used as a source of energy and NADPH is used as energy to make CO2 into a carbohydrate

Back 16

Calvin Cycle

Front 17

occurs in the stroma

Back 17

Calvin cycle

Front 18

take place in the thykaloid membrane

Back 18

light reactions

Front 19

carrier that accepts two electrons

Back 19

NADPH

Front 20

distance between peaks in a wave pattern

Back 20

wavelength

Front 21

all possible wavelengths of electromagnteic radiation

Back 21

electromagnetic spectrum

Front 22

massless and travels in a wavelike pattern; particle that makes up light

Back 22

photons

Front 23

molecules that absorbs light energy

Back 23

pigment

Front 24

when an electron is in a unstale state is considered

Back 24

unstable

Front 25

when a electron drops down to a lower state it can release energy in 3 ways

Back 25

as light, as heat, or it could transfer energy to another electron

Front 26

2 types of pigments found in chloroplasts

Back 26

chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

Front 27

pigments that imparts color ragning from red to yellow

Back 27

cartenoids

Front 28

depicts the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed by a pigment

Back 28

absorbption spectrum

Front 29

plants have different pigments because it

Back 29

allows plants to absorb light at many wavelengths

Front 30

the rate of photosynthesis of a whole plant at specific wavelengths

Back 30

action spectrum

Front 31

proteins and pigment molecules, absorb light during light reactions

Back 31

photosystme one PSI

Front 32

generates oxygen from water during light reactins

Back 32

photosystem two PSII

Front 33

produced in stroma from high-energy electrons that start in photosystem II

Back 33

NADPH

Front 34

made in thykaloid lumen by oxidation of water (photosystem II)

Back 34

O2

Front 35

producesin stroma by a synthase

Back 35

ATP

Front 36

combined actino of photosystem I and II, electrons flow in linear manner

Back 36

noncyclic electron flow

Front 37

path of electrons is cyclic, light energizes electrons, ATP is made by phosphorlation of ADP

Back 37

cyclic photophosphorlation / cyclic electron flow

Front 38

produces equal amounts of ATP and NADPH

Back 38

noncylic electron flow

Front 39

mkes just ATP and increases amount of ATP

Back 39

cyclic electron flow

Front 40

from ferrodoxin to Qb to the cytochrome complex then to plastocyninan then back to photosystem I

Back 40

cycic electron flow

Front 41

genes derived from same ancestral gene

Back 41

homologus genes

Front 42

involes phosystem 1 and 2 composed of several diff pigment molecules anchored to proteins in thykaloid membrane

Back 42

light-harvesting complex/atenna complex

Front 43

energey can be transffered to other pigment molecules durng photosynthesis

Back 43

resonance energy transfer

Front 44

P680* - e- =

Back 44

P680+

Front 45

where a high energy electron from an excited pigment is transferred to so it can be more sable

Back 45

primary electron acceptor

Front 46

where oxidation of water occurs in photosystem II

Back 46

manganese cluster