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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil case
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A case that concerns a dispute involving individuals or organizations.
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Criminal case
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A case brought by the state against persons accused of violating a law.
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Administrative case
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Usually, a case in which a government agency applies rules to settle a legal dispute.
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Common law
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Unwritten law based on tradition, custom or court decisions.
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Limited jurisdiction trial courts
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Those courts with original jurisdiction over specialized cases such as juvenile offenses or traffic violations.
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Major trial court
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Court of general jurisdiction that handles major criminal and civil cases.
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Supreme court
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The highest state court, beyond which there is no appeal except in cases involving federal law.
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Intermediate appellate court
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A state appellate court that relieves the case burden on the supreme court by hearing certain types of appeals.
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Plea bargaining
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Negotiation between a prosecutor and a criminal defendant's counsel that results in the defendant pleading guilty to a lesser charge or pleading guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence.
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Bench trial
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Trial by a single judge, without a jury
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Trial by jury
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A trial in which a jury decides the facts and makes a finding of guilty or not guilty.
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Stare decisis
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A legal doctrine that precedent set in earlier cases should guide judges' decisions.
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Precedent
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The legal principle that previous similar court decisions should be applied to future decisions.
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Judicial federalism
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A trend in which state constitutional and statutory laws are consulted and applied before law.
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Judicial activism
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The making of public policy by judges through decisions that overturn existing law or effectively make new laws.
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