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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Shi'ites
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Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of community in in descendant of Muhammads son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is state religion of Iran.
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Sunnis
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Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that community should select its own leadership. Majority religion in most Islamic countries.
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Sasanid Empire
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(ca.226) Iranian empire. Capital in Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia. Established Zoroastrianism as state religion. Overthrown ca. 640.
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Mecca
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City in western Arabia. Birthplace of Prophet Muhhamad, and ritual center of Islamic religion.
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Muhammad
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Arab phophet. Founder of religion of Islam.
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Muslim
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Adherent of Islamic religion. Person who submits to the will of God. Promotes acceptance of Muhammad as God's last messenger.
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Islam
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Religion spread by Muhammad. His reception of divinity recorded in Quran. Calls on all people to recognize one god-Allah and his rewards and punishments
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Medina
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City in western Arabia to which Prophet Muhammad and followers emigrated in 622 to excape persecuation in Mecca.
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umma
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Community of all Muslims. Major innovation against background of 7th century Arabia(traditional kinship rather than faith determining membership in community.)
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caliphate
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Office established in succession to Prophet Muhammad, to rule Islamic empire. Also name of that empire.
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Quran
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Book composed of divine revelations made to be the Prophet Muhammad (ca 610-632). Sacred text of religion of Islam.
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Umayyad Caliphate
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First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661-750. Capital at Damascus. Ruled empire extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by Abbasid Caliphate.
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Abbasid Caliphate
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Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Ummayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from capita of Baghdad (762-1258).
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Mamluks
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Under Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of 9th & 10th centuries. Mamluks founded their own state of Egypt and Syria.
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ulama
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Muslim religious scholars. From 9th century onward. Interpreters of Islamic law and social core of Muslim urban societies.
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hadith
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tradition relating the words or deeds of the Phrophet Muhammad. Next to Quran as one of most important basis for Islamic law.
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