Chapter 9: Social Interaction

Front 1

statuses

Back 1

positions in society that are used to classify individuals

Front 2

ascribed status

Back 2

a status given involuntarily, due to factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, and family background

Front 3

achieved status

Back 3

is a status that is gained as a result of one's effort or choices

Front 4

master status

Back 4

is the status by which the person is most identified, affects person in every aspect of life,

-can result in pigeonholing: we may view a person only through the lens of their status (ex: president of US)

Front 5

role

Back 5

set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who do not hold the status

Front 6

role performance

Back 6

carrying out the behaviors associated with a given role

Front 7

role partner

Back 7

the person whit whom one is interacting.

Behaviors and expectations change as role partners change

Front 8

role set

Back 8

the various roles associated with a status

Front 9

role conflict

Back 9

difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements in the multiple roles

Front 10

role strain

Back 10

the difficulty satisfying multiple requirements in the same roles

Front 11

role exit

Back 11

dropping one identity for another

Front 12

group

Back 12

consists of 2+ people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity

Front 13

peer group

Back 13

a group that is defined by association of self selected equals around similar interests, ages, and statuses

Front 14

family group

Back 14

not self selected but determined by birth, marriage, or adoption

Front 15

in groups

Back 15

groups to which an individual belongs

Front 16

out groups

Back 16

groups with which a person competes or is in opposition

Front 17

reference groups

Back 17

groups that establish terms by which individuals evaluate themselves

Front 18

Primary group

Back 18

interactions are direct, with close bonds providing intimiate relationships with other members

Front 19

secondary groups

Back 19

the interactions are superficial, with few emotional bonds. short term and dont last very long, form and dissolve without any significance

Front 20

Ferdinand Tonnies

Back 20

German Sociologist,

-theory: Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (community and society)

-refers to groups unified by shared beliefs, ancestry, geography

Front 21

interaction process analysis

Back 21

technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups

Front 22

system for multiple level observation of groups (SYMLOG)

Back 22

A more modern revision of the interaction process analysis tool.

based on the belief that there are 3 dimensions of interaction

-dominance vs. submission

-friendliness vs. unfriendliness

-instrumentally controlled vs. emotionally expressive

Front 23

group conformity

Back 23

group holds power over its members , create group pressure that ultimately shapes the group's members' behavior.

Front 24

network

Back 24

used to describe the observable pattern of social relationships among individuals or groups

Front 25

organizations

Back 25

in sociology, they are entities that are set up in order to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and culture.

-different from groups since organizations continue even with the departure of a member and have expressed goals

Front 26

characteristic institution

Back 26

the basic organization of society can be found here. For example in modern world the bureaucracy is the characteristic institution

Front 27

bureaucracy

Back 27

a rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control.

Front 28

iron law of oligarchy

Back 28

says that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

Front 29

Mcdonaldlization

Back 29

refers to a shift in focus towards efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in these societies

Front 30

self presentation (aka impression management)

Back 30

the process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors

-implication is that people will use specific strategies to shape what people will think of them

Front 31

basic model of emotional expression

Back 31

first established by Charles Darwin.

-says that emotional expression involves a number of components: facial expressions, behaviors, postures, vocal changes, and physiological changes

-emotional expression consistent with his evolution findings

Front 32

appraisal model of emotions

Back 32

accepts that there biologically determined expressions once an emotion is experienced but there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression

Front 33

social construction model of emotion

Back 33

assumes that there is no biological basis for emotion

-instead emotions are based on experiences and situational context alone

Front 34

display rules

Back 34

cultural expectations of emotions are often referred to as display rules

Front 35

cultural syndrome

Back 35

a shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture that are organized around a central theme

-can influence the rules for expressing emotions or even how emotions are experienced.

Front 36

impression management

Back 36

refers to our attempts to influence how others perceive us

-done through the regulation or controlling of information in social interactions

Front 37

the autentic self

Back 37

describes who the person actually is, both positive and negative attributes

Front 38

ideal self

Back 38

refers to who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

Front 39

tactical self

Back 39

refers to who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others' expectations of us

Front 40

Erving Goffman

Back 40

dramaturgical approach to describe impression management, using the metaphor of a theatrical performance to describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations

Front 41

front stage (dramaturgical approach)

Back 41

is where the actor is in front of their audience, and performs according to the setting, role, and script in order to conform to the image he wants them to see. (Erving Goffman)

Front 42

back stage self (dramaturgical approach to impression management)

Back 42

where the actor is not being observed by audience and he is free to act in ways that may not be congruent with his desired public image and without having to worry about messing up his performance

Front 43

communication

Back 43

the ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals, or behavior

-often used to elicit actions or changes

Front 44

non verbal communication

Back 44

how people communicate, intentionally or intentionally, without words

Front 45

animal communication

Back 45

defined by any behavior of one animal that affects the behavior of another