Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Stimulus
|
noun: stimulus; plural noun: stimuli a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue EX: dog hears bell, salivation occurs |
|
|
Response |
the learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus ex: bell rings before but now can trigger salivation |
|
|
Conditioning |
another word for learning, stimulus response connections in which the response is conditional on the stimulus EX: training dogs to salivate when bell rings |
|
|
Classical Conditioning |
A learning procedure in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus EX: a person's or animals old response becomes attached to a new stimulus we leave cause the bell rings |
|
|
Unconditional Stimulus
|
an event that elicits a certain predictable response typically without previous training EX: dog salivate when seeing meat shivering, blushing, being startled |
|
|
Unconditioned Response
|
An organism's automatic (or natural) reaction to a stimulus EX: salivation when seeing food |
|
|
Extinction
|
the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus EX: after Pavlov's dog was conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, it eventually stopped salivating to the bell after the bell had been sounded repeatedly but no food came |
|
|
Spontaneous Recovery |
A phenomenon of learning and memory which was first seen in classical (Pavlovian) conditioning and refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay. EX: A rat is taught to push a lever when a light is flashed. Later, he is taught to push the lever when the bell is rung. He stops pushing the lever when the light is flashed. Months later, when the light is flashed he begins to push the lever again |
|
|
Generalization |
responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli EX: dog to salivate at the sight of a circle, saw an oval as well |
|
|
Discrimination |
the ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli EX: circle, never oval |
|
|
Taste Aversion
|
Learned avoidance of a certain food EX: you were eating apple pit when you learned that you were not going to graduate. You can no longer see a piece of apple pie without feeling a little bit nauseous. |
|
|
Flooding
|
Exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until the fear response goes away. EX: a person who fears clowns is put in a small room with 20 friendly clowns and she must stay there until the fear is gone. |
|
|
Systematic Desensitization
|
Being gradually introduced in a safe setting to a feared item while staying relaxed. EX: To help him overcome his fear of elevators, he Is taught a calm breathing method to help him relax. Then with a friendly therapist he walks down the hall toward an elevator, stopping anytime he begins to feel anxiety or fear. Step by step they approach, open the doors, step inside and travel down a floor going on only when he is relaxed |
|
|
Counterconditioning
|
Pairing a pleasant stimulus with a fearful one EX: You like eating pizza but you fear taking tests. So, you are permitted to eat pizza anytime you must take a test. |
|
|
Albert and Watson/ Raynor
|
Two scientist who did a classic study back in 1920 with a little boy 11 month old who was taught to fear rats and all white things |
