Chapter: 9 Male Reproductive System

Front 1

Testis

Back 1

There are two testes.

Located in the abdomen at the level of the kidney before descending during embryonic development into the scrotum.

The male gonad produces the spermatoza and the hormone testosterone.

Front 2

Scrotum

Back 2

External sac around the testes.

Which lays between the thighs, in a lower region.

Which then provides a cooler temperature for spermatoza to mature and develop; this process is called spermatogenesis

Front 3

Perineum

Back 3

The external region between the anus and the scrotum at the floor of the pelvic cavity

Front 4

Seminiferous Tubules

Back 4

Long narrow mass of coiled tubules that are within the testes where sperm production occurs

Front 5

Parenchymal tissue

Back 5

Essential distinctive tissue of an organ.

In the testis, the parenchyma does the work of the organ (formation of spermatoza) therefore, the seminiferous tubules that produce the sperm are parenchymal tissue.

Front 6

Interstitial cells

Back 6

Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules.

Intersitital cells produce the hormone testosterone

This hormone promotes the male sec characteristics: beard, pubic hair and a deeper voice.

Front 7

Stroma / stromal tissue

Back 7

The parenchyma tissue that works the essential functions of the organs.

Organs have supportive, connective and framework tissue in the form of blood vessals, connective tissue and sometimes muscle cells

The supportive, connective tissue of an organ is distinguished from its parenchyma.

Front 8

Epididymis

Back 8

After the sperm becomes mature and motile it goes to the epididymis.

A pair of long tight coiled tubes that run down the length of each testis. (16 feet long)

This is where the mature sperm is stored from the seminiferous tubules and also connected to the Vas Deferens

Front 9

Vas Deferens

Back 9

Narrow, straight tube on either side as they come up from the downward epididymis that leads to the urethra

2 feet long the epididymis carries the sperm uo into the pelvic region (at the urinary bladder level) merging with ducts from the seminal vesicles

Also called ductus deferens

Front 10

Seminal vesicles

Back 10

Contains 2 glands at the base of the urinary bladder that opens into the ejaculatory duct as it join the urethra

This exocrine gland secretes a thick, sugary, yellowish substance into the vas deferens that nourish the sperm and forms a portion of the ejaculated semen

60% seminal vesicles in semen

Front 11

Ejaculatory duct

Back 11

Tube through which semen enters the male urethra

Front 12

Prostate gland

Back 12

Exocrine gland located at the base of the male urinary bladder.

Secretes a thick fluid for the semen is meant to aid the motility of the sperm.

40% prostate fluid in semen

Front 13

Semen

Back 13

A combination of fluids:

Prostatic & seminal vesicle secretions discharged from the urethra during ejaculation

And spermatoza (less than 1% in semen volume)

Front 14

Bulbourethral gland

Back 14

Pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra located below the prostate gland

Secreting fluids into the urethra

Also known as Cowper Glands

Front 15

Penis

Back 15

External organ of the male reproductive system

The urethra passes through the penis (erectile tissue & has a soft sensitive tip) to the outside of the body

Front 16

Glans penis

Back 16

The soft sensitive tip of the penis covered by prepuce / foreskin

Circumcision has the for skin removed to expose the glans penis

Front 17

Erectile dysfunction (impotence)

Back 17

Inability of having an erectile

Drugs like Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil) and Levitra (vardenafil)

Are to increase the blood pressure in the penis causing an erection

Front 18

Andr/o

Back 18

Male

Front 19

Balan/o

Back 19

Glans penis

Front 20

Cry/o

Back 20

Cold

Front 21

Crypt/o

Back 21

Hidden

Front 22

Epididym/o

Back 22

Epididymis

Front 23

Gon/o

Back 23

Seed

Front 24

Hydr/o

Back 24

Water

Fluid

Front 25

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

Back 25

Testis

Testicle

Front 26

Pen/o

Back 26

Penis

Front 27

Prostat/o

Back 27

Prostate gland

Front 28

Semin/o

Back 28

Semin

Seed

Front 29

Spermat/o

Back 29

Spermatoza

Seman

Front 30

Terat/o

Back 30

Monster

Front 31

Test/o

Back 31

Testis

Testicle

Front 32

Varic/o

Back 32

Varicose veins

Front 33

Vas/o

Back 33

Canal

Duct

Vas deferens

Front 34

-genesis

Back 34

Formation

Front 35

-one

Back 35

Hormone

Front 36

-pexy

Back 36

Fixation

To put in place

Front 37

-stomy

Back 37

New opening

Front 38

-ile

Back 38

Pertaining to

Front 39

-ferous

Back 39

Pertaining to bearing, bear or carrying

Front 40

-lytic

Back 40

Same as lysis

Front 41

Carcinoma of the testis / testicular cancer

Back 41

Malignant tumor of the testis.

Rare condition that occurs in ages 15-35.

Seminoma: arises from the embryonic cells in the testis

Nonseminonatous tumors: embryoneal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yoke sac tumor

Teratoma: composed of bone, hair, cartilage tissue & skin cells

Treatment: surgery orchiectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy

>> Noticing the serum levels of tumor proteins:

•human chorionic ganodotropin (HCG)

•alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Can show whether treatment has worked

Front 42

Cryptorchidism

Cryptorchism

Back 42

Undescended testicle.

Orchiopexy is used to bring the testis into the scrotum if not done say by the age of 1 & 2

Higher risk of sterility and testicular cancer

Front 43

Hydrocele

Back 43

Sac filled with clear fluid in the scrotum.

Can be congenital, or a response to an infection or tumor

Idiopathic

Treatment:

• A syringe or needle inserted into the sac to aspirate the fluid

• hydrocelectomy: the removal of the sac from an incision on the scrotum

Front 44

Testicular torsion

Back 44

Twisted spermatic cord.

Usually in children.

The twisted spermatic cord blocks blood supply to the testis

Therfore as soon as symptoms appear imediate surrgical correction is needed.

Front 45

Varicocele

Back 45

Enlarged, dilated veins near the testis.

Often associated with oligospermia and azoospermia

A man with oligospermia with varicocele and scrotum pain requires varicocelectomy

• the internal spermatic vein is ligated (effected segment is cut off and the rest is tied together)

In some cases promotes increased fertility

In some cases promotes increased fertility

Front 46

BPH

Back 46

Benign growth of cells in the prostate gland.

Occurs in men over 60 and those who have urinary obstructions and the inability to completely empty the bladder.

Treatment: TURP, drugs and laser treatment

Front 47

Carcinoma of the prostate gland

(Prostate cancer)

Back 47

Malignant tumor of the prostate gland.

Occurs in 50 year olds.

PSA

DRE

TRUS

TREATMENT

Front 48

Hypospadias

Back 48

Abnormal congenital anomaly in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurfce of the penis an not the top

Surgery can correct this

Front 49

Phimosis

Back 49

Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

Hinders urination

Can also cause the secretions to accumulate in the prepuce causing an infection

Treatment: circumcision ( cutting around the prepuce and removing it)

Front 50

Chlamydial infection

Back 50

Bacterial infection (chylamdial trachomatis) of the urethra ans the reproductive tract

Signs: after 3 week of becoming infected, burning sensation purrs when urinating / clear white fluid discharge

Women: yellowish discharge from the endocervix = idopathic

Treatmeant: antibodies / eating too long to cure the STD could result in salpingitis (PID) & infertility in women

Front 51

Gonorrhea

Back 51

Infection of the skin & genital tract mucosa caused from the gonococci infection

Depending on sexual activity