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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
A nucleic acid composed of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and four nitrogen containing bases |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic Acid |
Similar to DNA but contains the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose |
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Gene expression |
The process by which possession of a gene leads to the appearance in the phenotype of the corresponding character |
Involves DNA and RNA, and base pairing |
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mRNA |
The temporary copy of a gene that encodes a protein |
Messenger RNA |
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tRNA |
Transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain |
Transfer RNA |
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Genetic code |
Describes how a sequence of bases in DNA or RNA translates into the sequence of amino acids in a protein |
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Codon |
A triplet in mRNA that pairs with a triplet on a tRNA molecule carrying the correct amino acid |
Each codon specifies an amino acid |
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Anticodon |
The tRNA triplet |
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Transcription |
A copying of information from DNA to RNA |
Trans= across Script= writing |
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RNA polymerase |
A transcription enzyme |
Joins RNA nucleotides according to the base sequence in DNA |
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RNA processing |
When new mRNA is translated and broken down by enzymes |
Can happen within a few minutes for prokaryotes, can take minutes to days for eukaryotes |
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Intron |
Internal segments of the RNA that do not code for protein |
Are removed in the final step of mRNA processing |
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Exon |
The parts of the transcript that remain and code for protein |
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Splicing |
The process of removing introns and rejoining cut ends |
Done by splicing enzymes that recognize the sequence |
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tRNA charging |
Attachment of the correct amino acid to its RNA molecule |
Carried out by twenty different enzymes |
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Translation |
When protein synthesis translates the codon sequence of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein |
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Tertiary structure |
The three dimensional folded structure of a polypeptide or protein molecule |
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Translational error |
Most errors are caught and corrected. The most common error results from misreading the nucleotide sequence |
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Frame shift mutation |
A genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read |
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Translational frame shift |
If the start is shifted by one or two nucleotides in either direction, the frame changes |
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