Chapter 9: Deviance

Front 1

Deviance

Back 1

p. 194) the recognized violation of cultural norms

Front 2

Crime

Back 2

p. 194) the violation of a society’s formally enacted criminal law

Front 3

Social Control

Back 3

p. 194) attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior

Front 4

Criminal Justice System

Back 4

p. 194) the organizations—police, courts, and prison officials—that respond to alleged violations of the law

Front 5

Labeling Theory

Back 5

p. 200) the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

Front 6

Stigma

Back 6

p. 200) a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person’s self-concept and social identity

Front 7

Medicalization of Deviance

Back 7

p. 201) the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition

Front 8

White-collar Crime

Back 8

p. 203) crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations

Front 9

Corporate Crime

Back 9

p. 204) the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf

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Organized Crime

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p. 204) a business supplying illegal goods or services

Front 11

Hate Crime

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p. 205) a criminal act against a person or a person’s property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias

Front 12

Crimes Against the Person

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p. 207) crimes that direct violence or the threat of violence against others; also known as violent crimes

Front 13

Crimes Against Property

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p. 207) crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others; also known as property crimes

Front 14

Victimless Crimes

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p. 207) violations of law in which there are no obvious victims

Front 15

Plea Bargaining

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p. 212) a legal negotiation in which a prosecutor reduces a charge in exchange for a defendant’s guilty plea

Front 16

Retribution

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p. 213) an act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime

Front 17

Deterrence

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p. 213) the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment

Front 18

Rehabilitation

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p. 213) a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses

Front 19

Societal Protection

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p. 213) rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution

Front 20

Criminal Recidivism

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p. 214) later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes

Front 21

Community-based Corrections

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p. 215) correctional programs operating within society at large rather than behind prison walls