Chapter 9 Atlantic South America

Front 1

World's largest river system and is about 4000 miles long.

Back 1

Amazon River

Front 2

A partially enclosed body of water where freshwater mixes with salty seawater.

Back 2

Estuary

Front 3

The name of the estuary that drains the Parana River into the Atlantic Ocean

Back 3

Rio de la Plata

Front 4

Wide, grassy plains in central Argentina

Back 4

Pampas

Front 5

Clearing of trees

Back 5

deforestation

Front 6

soil that is infertile because it has lost nutrients needed by plants from planting the same crop every year

Back 6

soil exhaustion

Front 7

Four countries that make up the region of Atlantic South America

Back 7

Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay

Front 8

Physical features of Atlantic South America include what three things

Back 8

great river systems; plains; Amazon rain forest

Front 9

Largest country in South America

Back 9

Brazil

Front 10

Who were the first people in Colonial Brazil?

Back 10

American Indians

Front 11

The American Indians developed a way of life in Brazil based on what three things?

Back 11

hunting, fishing, and small-scale farming.

Front 12

Who were the first explorers to find Brazil?

Back 12

Portuguese in 1500 were the first Europeans

Front 13

What crop did Portuguese settlers grow because of Brazil's good climate and soil?

Back 13

Sugar

Front 14

Who did the Portuguese bring to Brazil to work on the plantations?

Back 14

African slaves

Front 15

What were some of the other things that contributed to Brazil's economy over the next centuries

Back 15

Cattle-ranching, gold mining, coffee

Front 16

When did Brazil gain their independence from Portugal without a fight

Back 16

1822

Front 17

Today Brazilians can participate in politics through what?

Back 17

voting

Front 18

Brazil's official language

Back 18

Portuguese

Front 19

What is the sport of Brazilians

Back 19

soccer

Front 20

In what city is the world's largest soccer stadium?

Back 20

Rio de Janeiro

Front 21

What is the main religion in Brazil?

Back 21

Roman Catholic

Front 22

A religion that combines beliefs and practices of African and Indian religions with Christianity

Back 22

macumba

Front 23

What does aspects mean?

Back 23

parts

Front 24

What is the celebration of Carnival in Brazil?

Back 24

The celebration before the Christian season of Lent. It mixes traditions from Africa, Brazil and Europe.

Front 25

What four regions can Brazil be divided into based on their people, economies, and landscapes?

Back 25

Southeast, Northeast, Interior, and Amazon

Front 26

What is the largest urban area in South America and the 4th largest in the world?

Back 26

Sao Paulo

Front 27

A giant urgan area that includes surrounding cities and suburbs

Back 27

megacity

Front 28

Brazil's second-largest city, which is northeast of Sao Paulo. Also a major port city.

Back 28

Rio de Janeiro

Front 29

Which region of Brazil is the richest region?

Back 29

Southeast

Front 30

huge slums

Back 30

favelas

Front 31

Brazil's poorest region. People cannot read and health care is poor. Suffers from droughts.

Back 31

Northeast

Front 32

Farming and raising livestock is difficult in the northeast because of what?

Back 32

droughts

Front 33

What does the northeast attract?

Back 33

tourists because of the beautiful beaches & the quaint buildings of colonial times

Front 34

Which region of Brazil is the frontier land?

Back 34

The Interior

Front 35

What is the capital of The Interior of Brazil?

Back 35

Brasilia

Front 36

What makes The Interior region a possible success for agriculture someday?

Back 36

Its abundant land and mild climate. Not many people live here now but it does have modern bldgs and busy highways

Front 37

Which region covers the northern part of Brazil?

Back 37

The Amazon

Front 38

What is name of the major port and industrial city that lies 1000 miles from the mouth of the Amazon

Back 38

Manaus

Front 39

What are scattered throughout the Amazon's dense rain forest?

Back 39

Indian villages

Front 40

What is bringing more people and development to the Amazon region?

Back 40

Logging, mining, and new roads.

Front 41

What is destroying large areas of the rain forest?

Back 41

New developments which includes new roads and new buildings and making paper. Farmers, loggers and miners

Front 42

What else does deforestation threaten?

Back 42

The survival of many plant and animal species and hundreds of unique ecosystems.

Front 43

Argentina was originally home to groups of Indians.

Back 43

Indians lived in the Pampas and hunted wild game while farther north they build irrigation systems for farming.

Front 44

Who has most influenced Argentina's culture?

Back 44

Europeans

Front 45

Who were the first Europeans to come to Argentina?

Back 45

Spanish in the 1500's. They came to the northern part and moved south in search of silver and gold.

Front 46

Why did the Spanish give Argentina its' name?

Back 46

Because it means "land of silver" or "silvery one" which they were in search of

Front 47

What did the Spanish monarch allow the spanish settlers to do?

Back 47

Allowed them to build settlements in Argentina and force the native Indians to work for them.

Front 48

During the colonial era, where in Argentina did agriculture become important?

Back 48

The Pampas

Front 49

Argentine cowboys

Back 49

Gauchos. They herded cattle and horses on the open grasslands (Pampas)

Front 50

Who were killed off during the early 1800's when Argentina was fighting for their independence from Spain

Back 50

The Indians were killed or driven away.

Front 51

In Modern Argentina, what countries do immigrants arrive from?

Back 51

Italy, Germany and Spain. British helped build railroads across the country.

Front 52

What did railroads make it easier to do in Argentina?

Back 52

To transport agriculture products for export to Europe. Beef exports made the country rich.

Front 53

Argentina remained one of South America's richest countries in the 1900's.

Back 53

The country struggled under dictators and military governments too.

Front 54

Who was the popular political leader that helped improve the living conditions of the people of Argentina?

Back 54

Eva Peron (Evita) wife of Argentina's president Juan Peron. Established thousands of hospitals & schools. Helped women gain right to vote. Died at 33 from cancer.

Front 55

What was the "Dirty War" in Argentina?

Back 55

In the 1970's Argentine leaders tortured and killed many people accused of disagreeing with the government. 1980's Argentina gave up last military government to an elected gov.

Front 56

Argentine people and culture are influenced by Europeans, Spanish, Italians,

Back 56

Beef is also popular. Parrilla is grilled sausage and steak and usually eaten late.

Front 57

Today, in what city do most Argentine people live?

Back 57

Buenos Aires, the country's capital and second largest urban area in South America

Front 58

Which region in Argentina is the most developed agricultural region?

Back 58

The Pampas. 11%of Argentina's labor force works in agriculture. The large ranches & farms of this area produce beef, wheat & corn for export.

Front 59

What has Argentina's economy always been affected by?

Back 59

Government policies

Front 60

An organization that promotes trade & economic cooperation among the southern & eastern countries of South America.

Back 60

Mercosur

Front 61

What happened in the late 1900's and early 2000's in Argentina?

Back 61

Heavy debt and government spending brought Argentina into an economic crisis.

Front 62

Thousands of people's lives had changed forever during the economic crisis and the government changed hands 4 times.

Back 62

By 2003 the economy had stabilized but many people joined the informal economy.

Front 63

A part of the economy based on odd jobs that people perform without government regulation through taxes.

Back 63

Informal economy

Front 64

What country is between Argentina and Brazil?

Back 64

Uruguay

Front 65

Capital of Uruguay

Back 65

Montevideo. More than a third live here. Country has high literacy rate

Front 66

Who first claimed Uruguay during the colonial era?

Back 66

Portugal first but the Spanish took over in the 1770's then in 1825 Uruguay declared independence from Spain.

Front 67

Uruguay has a strong tradition of respect for political freedom.

Back 67

Today Uruguay is a democracy.

Front 68

What is Uruguay's official religion and language?

Back 68

Roman Catholic and Spanish. Many people speak Portuguese because of Portuguese Brazil.

Front 69

Uruguay's economy is tied to economies of?

Back 69

Brazil and Argentina. Export to these countries

Front 70

Uruguay's important source of energy

Back 70

hydroelectric power

Front 71

completely surrounded by land with no direct access to the ocean.

Back 71

landlocked

Front 72

What divided Paraguay into two regions?

Back 72

The Paraguay River

Front 73

East of the Paraguay river is the country's most productive farmland.

Back 73

Ranchers also graze livestock in some parts of western Paraguay.

Front 74

Colonial Era

Back 74

Spanish claimed Paraguay in mid 1530s and remained under Spanish rule until 1811. Had dictators until 1989 when it became a democratic gov.

Front 75

95% of the people of Paraguay are what?

Back 75

Mestizos, Indians, and European descent.

Front 76

What are Paraguay's two official languages?

Back 76

Spanish and Guarani (Indian Language) Roman Catholic

Front 77

What is Paraguay's largest and capital city

Back 77

Asuncion

Front 78

What is Paraguay's wealth controlled by?

Back 78

A few rich families and companies.

Front 79

What is important to Paraguay's economy?

Back 79

Agriculture. Half of workers are farmers and only grow enough to feed families. Grow corn, sotton, soybeans, sugarcane.

Front 80

Economy is promising because it is learning to use resources.

Back 80

Build hydroelectric dams on Parana River and provides more power than Paraguay needs so they can sell the surplus to Brazil & Argentina.