Chapter 9: Articulations

Front 1

Synarthroses

Back 1

Immovable joint

Front 2

Amphiarthroses

Back 2

Slightly movable joint

Front 3

Diarthroses

Back 3

Freely movable joint

Front 4

Articulation

Back 4

Point of contact between bones

Front 5

Fibrous joint (synarthroses)

Back 5

Bones of joint fit together closely, thereby allowing little or no movement

Front 6

Syndesmoses

Back 6

Joints in which ligaments connect two bones (sub of fibrous)

Front 7

Sutures

Back 7

Found only in the skull; teeth like projections from adjacent bones interlock with each other (sub of fibrous)

Front 8

Gomphoses

Back 8

Between the root of a tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla (sub of fibrous)

Front 9

Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)

Back 9

Bones of joints are joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; allows very little motion

Front 10

Synchondroses

Back 10

Hyaline cartilage present between articulatiing bones (Sub of cartilaginous)

Front 11

Symphyses

Back 11

Joints in which a pad or disk of fibrocartilage connects two bones (sub of cartilaginous)

Front 12

Synovial joint (diarthroses)

Back 12

Freely movable joint

Front 13

Multiaxial joints

Back 13

Synovial joint that permits movement around three or more aces in three or more planes (ex: ball-and-socket, gliding)

Front 14

Ball-and-Socket

Back 14

Most movable joint; the ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a concave depression (sub multiaxial, sub synovial)

Front 15

Gliding joints

Back 15

Relatively flat articulating surfaces that allow limited gliding movements along various axes (sub multiaxial, sub synovial)

Front 16

Joint capsule

Back 16

Sleevelike casing around the ends of the bones that binds them together

Front 17

Synovial membrane

Back 17

membrane that lines the joint capsule and also secretes synovial fluid

Front 18

Articular cartilage

Back 18

Hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface of bones

Front 19

Joint cavity

Back 19

Small space between the articulating surfaces of the two bones of the joint

Front 20

Menisci (Articular disks)

Back 20

Pads of fibrocartilage located between articulating bones

Front 21

Ligaments

Back 21

Strong cords of dense, white, fibrous tissue that hold the bones of a synovial joint more firmly together

Front 22

Bursae

Back 22

Synovial membranes filled with synovial fluid; cushions joints and facilitates movement of tendons

Front 23

Uniaxial joints

Back 23

Synovial joints that permit movement around only one acis and in only one plane (ex: hinge, pivot)

Front 24

Hinge joints

Back 24

Articulating ends of bones form a hinge-shaped unity that allows only flexion/extension (sub of uniaxial)

Front 25

Pivot joints

Back 25

A projection of one bone articulates with a ring or notch of another bone (sub of uniaxial)

Front 26

Biaxial joints

Back 26

Synovial joints that permit movements around two perpendicular axes in two perpendicular planes (ex: saddle, condyloid)

Front 27

Saddle joints

Back 27

Synovial joints in which the articulating ends of the bones resemble reciprocally shaped miniature saddles; only example in body is thumb (sub of biaxial)

Front 28

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints

Back 28

Synovial joints in which a condyle fits into an elliptical socket (sub of biaxial)

Front 29

Humeroscapular joint

Back 29

Shoulder joint; most movable joint in the body

Front 30

Glenoid labrum

Back 30

Narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the glenoid cavity that lends depth to the glenoid cavity

Front 31

Annulus fibrosus

Back 31

Part of intervertebral disk; disk's outer rim, made of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage

Front 32

Nucleus pulposus

Back 32

Part of intervertebral disk; disk's central core, made of a pulpy, elastic substance

Front 33

Goniometer

Back 33

Instrument used to measure ROM

Front 34

Flexion

Back 34

Decreases the angle between bones; bends or folds

Front 35

Extension

Back 35

Increases the angle between bones

Front 36

Hyperextension

Back 36

Stretching or extending a body part beyond its anatomical position

Front 37

Plantar flexion

Back 37

Increases the angle between the top of the foot and leg

Front 38

Dorsiflexion

Back 38

Decreases the angle between the top of the foot and leg

Front 39

Abduction

Back 39

Moves a part away from the median plane of the body

Front 40

Adduction

Back 40

Moves a part toward the median plane of the body

Front 41

Rotation

Back 41

Pivoting a bone on its own axis

Front 42

Circumduction

Back 42

Moves a part so that its distal end moves in a circle

Front 43

Supination

Back 43

Turns the hand palm side up

Front 44

Pronation

Back 44

Turns the hand palm side down

Front 45

Gliding movements

Back 45

Simplest of all movements; articular surface of one bone moves over the articular surface of another w/out and angular or circular movement

Front 46

Inversion

Back 46

Turning the sole of the foot inward

Front 47

Eversion

Back 47

Turning the sole of the foot outward

Front 48

Protraction

Back 48

Moves a part forward (ex: jaw)

Front 49

Retraction

Back 49

Moves a part backward (ex: jaw)

Front 50

Elevation

Back 50

Moves a part up

Front 51

Depression

Back 51

Lowers a part

Front 52

Humeroradial joint

Back 52

Lateral articulation of the capitulum of the humerous with the head of the radius

Front 53

Humeroulnar joint

Back 53

Medial articulation of the trochlea of the humerous with the troclear notch of the ulna

Front 54

Proximal radioulnar joint

Back 54

between the head of the radius and the medial notch of the ulna

Front 55

Distal radiaulnar joint

Back 55

Point of articulation between the ulnar notch of the radius and the head of the ulna

Front 56

Proximal interphalangeal joints

Back 56

Between proximal and middle phalanges

Front 57

Distal interphalangeal joints

Back 57

Between middle and distal phalanges

Front 58

Opposition

Back 58

Ability to touch the tip of the thumb to the tip of the other fingers