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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Language differences |
normal variability we see among children in their language development culture context: a communities approach to to socializing children can influence the amount and quality of language that children experience in their home and community |
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Dialects |
-regional or social varieties of language that differ in terms of their pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar from one another. -develop over a prolonged period when people are separated by geographical or social barriers -in general people who speak different dialects can understand one another |
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Accents |
varieties of language that vary solely on pronunciation |
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American English Dialects |
-dialects date back to colonial America, incorporated and used vocab that were a part of Native American tribes -creation and maitenance of dialects >language contact >population movement >expanding transportation and communication >shifting cultural centers |
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American English Dialects : Language Contact |
speakers of a language other than English shape the pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary of English in the surrounding area. |
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American English Dialects: Population Movement |
migration of persons from one dialectal region to another - dialects may begin to vanish in regions that receive large numbers of persons from other areas - dialects may become more pronounced in areas where cultural and regional identity is strong |
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American English Dialects: Expanding transportation and communication shifting cultural centers |
trans. and com. -dialect may vanish or it may become more pronounced -effects once isolated regions of the country Shifting cultural centers -suburban areas are now becoming influential to the development of dialects, just as large urban areas once were. |
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American English Dialects: Regions |
vary according to geographical areas in the U.S. different dialects are found in the south, north midwest, and west. |
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Sociocultural dialects |
transcend region altogether certain socioeconomic classes and cultural orientations speak these dialects: -African American Vernacular English -Chicano English -Jewish English |
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Pidgins |
-simplified type of language that develops when speakers who do not share a common language come into prolonged contact -no native speakers; used as a 2nd language particularly in situations where they are conducting business with one another -Utilize the lexicon of the most dominant of the 2 languages and the phonology and syntactic structure of the less dominant language |
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creoles |
pidgins become creoles when speakers pass them down through generations as a first language continue to evolve and become more elaborate and stable with each new generation of native speakers some remain non-dominate in their community where others gain status as official languages |
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dual-language learners |
people who acquire 2 or more languages through out the course of their lives |
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Bilingualism |
the process by which children acquire 2 first languages |
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multilingualism |
acquire more than 2 first languages |
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simultaneous v. sequential |
simultaneous: acquire 2 or more languages from birth, receive language input in or more forms ie. parents, care taker, extended family sequential: learn 2 first languages in succession, usually within the first 3 years of life before developing proficiency in the first of the 2 languages |
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Unitary Language System Hypothesis Dual Language System Hypothesis |
-Unitary Hypothesis:children are not bilingual until they successfully differentiate between the 2languages -Dual Hypothesis:does not presuppose that children move through stages whereby they come todifferentiate between two languagesBilingual children establish 2separate language systems from the outset of language acquisition |
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code switching/mixing |
speakers alternate between languages when they have more than one language in common 3 main reasons -filling in lexical or grammatical gaps -pragmatic effect -social norms of their community |
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second language acquisition |
the process by which children who have already established a solid foundation in their first language (L1) learn an additional language |
