Chapter 9

Front 1

1) posterior sensory cortex sends movement goals prefrontal cortex
2) prefrontal cortex generates plans for movement
3) premotor cortex organizes movement sequences
4)primary motor cortex produces specific movements

Back 1

the neocortex and initiation of movement

Front 2

premotor area neurons that discharge when a monkey sees another monkey/person making a move and then they make that move their self

Back 2

mirror neurons

Front 3

loss of somatosensory input that results from damage to the fibers that would otherwise convey sensory info from the body to the brain

Back 3

deafferentiation

Front 4

failure of muscular coordination

Back 4

Ataxia

Front 5

prominent structure of the basal ganglia, large cluster of nuclei...help connect motor cortex to midbrain

Back 5

caudate putamen

Front 6

destroys caudate putamen cells and is characterized by exaggerated and involuntary movements

Back 6

Huntington's chorea

Front 7

unwanted tics and vocalizations due to caudate putamen damage

Back 7

Tourette's syndrome

Front 8

causing involuntary movements

Back 8

hyperkinetic symptoms

Front 9

difficulty in making movements

Back 9

hypokinetic symptoms

Front 10

caused by loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra and their input into the basal ganglia, muscular rigidity and difficulty in initiating and performing movements

Back 10

Parkinson's disease

Front 11

substantia nigra -->caudate--> thalamus-->cortex-->movement

Back 11

basal ganglia connections

Front 12

the part of the motor system involved in acquiring and maintaining motor skills...accuracy and control of movement

Back 12

cerebellum

Front 13

encodes eye movement and balance

Back 13

flocculus

Front 14

neocortex sends major projections to the brainstem...control facial muscle and facial movement

Back 14

corticobulbar tracts

Front 15

neocortex sends projections to the spinal cord

Back 15

corticospinal tracts
ventral- moves muscles of midline of body
lateral- moves limbs and digits

Front 16

moves the limb away from the trunk
(triceps)

Back 16

extensor

Front 17

moves the limb towards the trunk
(biceps)

Back 17

flexor