Chapter 9

Front 1

Deforestation:

Back 1

When trees are removed more quickly than they can re-grow.

Front 2

Primary Forest:

Back 2

Forest UN-cut by people.

Front 3

Secondary Forest:

Back 3

Trees that sprouted after old-growth timber was cut.

Front 4

Concession:

Back 4

The right to extract a resource granted by a government to a corporation.

Front 5

Example of Concession-

Back 5

Concession organizations purchase concessions in order to preserve habitat.

Front 6

Resource Management:

Back 6

Describes our use of strategies to manage and regulate the harvest of potential renewable re-source.

Front 7

Maximum Sustainable Yield:

Back 7

The maximal harvest of a particular renewable natural resource that can be accomplished while still keeping the resource available for the future.

Front 8

Ecosystem Based Management:

Back 8

The attempt to manage the harvesting of resources in ways that minimize impact on the ecosystem and ecological processes that provide the resource.

Front 9

Adaptive Management:

Back 9

Systematically testing different approaches and aiming to improve methods over time.

Front 10

National Forest:

Back 10

Public lands consisting of 191 million acres in many tracts spread across all but few states.

Front 11

NOTE:

Back 11

More than 8% of the nations land area is covered by National Forest.

Front 12

Clear Cutting:

Back 12

When all trees in an area are all cut at once.

Front 13

National Forest Management ACT:

Back 13

Mandated that every National Forest draw up plans for renewable resource management based on the concepts of multiple use and sustainable development and subject to broad public participation.

Front 14

NOTE:

Back 14

The National Forest Management ACT was passed in 1976.

Front 15

Road-less Rule:

Back 15

A 2001 Clinton Admin executive order that put 31% of National Forest land off-limits to road construction or maintenance.

Front 16

Wild land-urban Interface:

Back 16

A region where urban or suburban development meets forested or undeveloped lands.

Front 17

Prescribed Burns:

Back 17

Clear away fuel loads and nourish the soil with ash and encourage the vigorous growth of new vegetation.

Front 18

Salvage Logging:

Back 18

The removal of dead trees and snags by timber companies following a natural disturbance (Fire,Windstorm,Insect damage or disease).

Front 19

Sustainable Forest Certification:

Back 19

A form of eco-labeling that identifies timber products that have been produced using sustainable methods.

Front 20

National Parks:

Back 20

A scenic area set aside for recreation and enjoyment by the public. The park system today numbers 392 sites totaling 84 million acres including: Historic sites, National Recreation Areas, National Wild and Scenic Rivers.

Front 21

National Park Service:

Back 21

Created in 1916 to administer the growing system of parks and monuments.

Front 22

National Wildlife Refuge:

Back 22

Began in (1903) by President Theodore Roosevelt now totals over (550) sites comprising (61) million. The U.S Fish and Wildlife service administers these refuges.

Front 23

Wilderness Areas:

Back 23

Off-limit areas to development but open to hiking, nature study, and other low impact recreation.

Front 24

Land Trusts:

Back 24

Local or regional organizations that purchase land to preserve in its natural condition.

Front 25

Edge Effects:

Back 25

An impact on organism populations, or communities that results because conditions along the edge of a habitat fragment differ from conditions in the interior.

Front 26

SLOSS Dilemma: (Single large, Several small)

Back 26

Single large, Several small, the debate over whether it is better to make reserves large in size and few in number but small in size.

Front 27

Biosphere Reserves:

Back 27

Tracts of land with exceptional biodiversity that couple preservation with sustainable development to benefit local people.

Front 28

NOTE: PG201

Back 28

Each reserve includes a core area that preserves biodiversity, a buffer zone that allows limited development, and a transition zone that permits various uses.

Front 29

NOTE: PG200

Back 29

Overall the nation has (756) wilderness areas totaling (44) million ha. (109 million acres), covering 5% of U.S land area (2.7% outside Alaska)

Front 30

NOTE: Aren't all forest fires bad? PG196

Back 30

No. Wildfires can alter ecosystems, damage property, and take human life. But, ironically, the destructiveness of many recent wildfires results in part from our suppression of fires in past decades. Fire is a natural process that helps to maintain the health of many forests and grasslands.

Front 31

NOTE: Secondary Forest- PG190

Back 31

Most redwoods of the California coast are merely second-growth trees.

Front 32

NOTE: PG185

Back 32

If you were to trace the paper in you're textbook back to its origins you would find yourself standing in a diverse mixed forest in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This sparsely populated region near the Canadian border, flanked by Wisconsin, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior, remains heavily forested, despite supplying timber to our society for nearly 200 years.

Front 33

NOTE: PG187

Back 33

Among the 23 forest types found in the continental United States consist of : Maple-Beech-Birch Forest, Oak-Hickory Forest, Ponderosa Pine Forest, and Redwood Forest.

Front 34

NOTE: PG197

Back 34

Throughout millions of acres in the West, Trees have been killed by the mountain pine beetle (Inset), which feeds in the tree bark.